CI/CD, cleanup, type refinement round

[wolfy-j]

This pull request introduces several improvements and new features across code quality, correctness, and CI/CD infrastructure. The most significant changes include the addition of a comprehensive CI workflow, enhancements to function parameter handling in the control flow graph (CFG), and improvements to error metadata extraction and propagation. The update also includes a detailed engineering journal documenting the debugging and verification process.

Continuous Integration and Quality:

• Added a new GitHub Actions workflow .github/workflows/ci.yml that runs linting, tests (on Ubuntu and Windows), and race condition checks with explicit Go caching to ensure consistent CI results.
• Updated .gitignore to allow tracking of .github/** so workflow files can be committed.

Function Parameter Handling and CFG Improvements:

• Introduced the ParamSlot struct and ParamSlots() method in compiler/cfg/params.go to provide a canonical parameter layout for function graphs, accurately handling implicit method receivers (self) and preserving type annotations.
• Added a regression test TestGraph_ParamSlots_ImplicitSelfMethod in compiler/cfg/graph_test.go to verify correct handling of implicit self parameters and their type annotations.
• Improved call information extraction in compiler/cfg/nodeinfo.go by enhancing static receiver and field path handling, ensuring more accurate callee name resolution and argument mapping. [1] [2] [3] [4]

Error Metadata Extraction and Propagation:

• Documented and clarified error metadata extraction in the README.md, including usage of ConfigureErrorMetadataExtractor and WrapErrorWithMetadata for robust error handling.

Type Information Propagation:

• Ensured that type information is propagated to nested protos during bytecode undumping and compilation by using SetTypeInfo in both compiler/bytecode/bytecode.go and compile_options.go. [1] [2]

Engineering Process and Verification:

• Added a detailed engineering journal in JOURNAL.md documenting debugging, regression testing, and verification steps taken during this work, including rationale for changes and verification of soundness and convergence in type checking.