vertx-future-utils

Convenient Utilities for Vert.x Future.

🇺🇸 English | 🇨🇳 简体中文

• Compatibility

• Install
  • Maven
  • Gradle Kotlin DSL
  • Gradle Groovy DSL
  • With vertx-core Excluded
• Usage Example
  • Futurization
  • Wrapping Evaluation Result
  • Default Value on Empty
  • Empty to Failure
  • Fallback Values on Failure/Empty
  • Map Non-Null Value Only
  • Access CompositeFuture Itself on Failure
  • Mapping CompositeFuture on Failure
  • Keep Generic Type of the Original Futures of CompositeFuture
  • Mapping the Original Futures of a CompositeFuture on Failure
  • Access CompositeFuture and the Original Futures on Failure
  • Setting Default/Fallback Values before Composition

Compatibility

Java

• Java 17
• Java 11
• Java 8

Vert.x

• 4.2.0 - 4.2.1 (with vertx-core excluded)
• 4.1.0 - 4.1.2 (with vertx-core excluded)
• 4.0.3
• 4.0.0 - 4.0.2 (with vertx-core excluded)
• 3.9.0 - 3.9.8 (with vertx-core excluded)
• 3.8.5 (with vertx-core excluded)

Install

Maven

<dependency>
  <groupId>me.hltj</groupId>
  <artifactId>vertx-future-utils</artifactId>
  <version>1.1.2</version>
</dependency>

Gradle Kotlin DSL

implementation(group = "me.hltj", name = "vertx-future-utils", version = "1.1.2")

Gradle Groovy DSL

implementation group: 'me.hltj', name: 'vertx-future-utils', version: '1.1.2'

With vertx-core Excluded

The default dependent version of io.vertx:vertx-core is 4.0.3, if you want to use vertx-future-utils with vertx-core 3.8.5 to 3.9.8, 4.0.0 to 4.0.2, or 4.1.0 to 4.2.1, please exclude the default one.

Details

for Maven

<dependency>
  <groupId>me.hltj</groupId>
  <artifactId>vertx-future-utils</artifactId>
  <version>1.1.2</version>
  <exclusions>
    <exclusion>
      <groupId>io.vertx</groupId>
      <artifactId>vertx-core</artifactId>
    </exclusion>
  </exclusions>
</dependency>

for Gradle Kotlin DSL

implementation(group = "me.hltj", name = "vertx-future-utils", version = "1.1.2") {
    exclude(group = "io.vertx", module = "vertx-core")
}

for Gradle Groovy DSL

implementation group: 'me.hltj', name: 'vertx-future-utils', version: '1.1.2', {
    exclude group: "io.vertx", module: "vertx-core"
}

Usage Example

Futurization

Convert a callback style Vert.x call to Future result style. e.g.:

Future<Integer> lengthFuture = FutureUtils.<HttpResponse<Buffer>>futurize(handler ->
        WebClient.create(Vertx.vertx()).get(443, "hltj.me", "/").ssl(true).send(handler)
).map(response -> response.bodyAsString().length());

Vert.x provided Future result style APIs since 4.0.0, while futurize() can also be used for third party APIs.

Wrapping Evaluation Result

Wraps an evaluation result within Future. e.g.:

Future<Integer> futureA = wrap(() -> Integer.parseInt("1")); // Succeed with 1
Future<Integer> futureB = wrap(() -> Integer.parseInt("@")); // Failed with a NumberFormatException

Wraps a function application result within Future. e.g.:

Future<Integer> futureA = wrap("1", Integer::parseInt); // Succeed with 1
Future<Integer> futureB = wrap("@", Integer::parseInt); // Failed with a NumberFormatException

If the evaluation result itself is a Future, use joinWrap()(or its alias flatWrap()) to flatten the nested result Futures. e.g.:

Future<Integer> future0 = wrap("0", Integer::parseInt);
Future<Integer> future1 = wrap("1", Integer::parseInt);

Future<Integer> futureA = joinWrap(() -> future0.map(i -> 2 / i)); // Failed with a ArithmeticException
Future<Integer> futureB = joinWrap(() -> future1.map(i -> 2 / i)); // Succeed with 2

Function<String, Future<Integer>> stringToIntFuture = s -> FutureUtils.wrap(s, Integer::parseInt);

Future<Integer> futureC = joinWrap("1", stringToIntFuture); // Succeed with 1
Future<Integer> futureD = joinWrap("@", stringToIntFuture); // Failed with a NumberFormatException

Default Value on Empty

If a Future succeed with null, map it with a default value. e.g.:

// Succeed with 1
Future<Integer> plusOneFuture = defaultWith(Future.succeededFuture(), 0).map(i -> i + 1);

the lazy version:

Future<Double> doubleFuture = FutureUtils.<Double>defaultWith(Future.succeededFuture(), () -> {
    double rand = Math.random();
    System.out.println("default with random value: " + rand);
    return rand;
}).map(d -> d + 1);

If you want to replace the Future (succeed with null) with another Future (asynchronous and/or maybe failed), you can useflatDefaultWith(). e.g.:

Future<Integer> cachedCountFuture = getCountFutureFromCache().otherwiseEmpty();
Future<Integer> countFuture = flatDefaultWith(countFuture, () -> getCountFutureViaHttp());

Empty to Failure

If a Future failed or succeed with a non-null value, returns the Future itself. Otherwise (i.e. succeed with null), returns a Future failed with a NullPointerException. e.g.:

nonEmpty(future).onFailure(t -> log.error("either failed or empty, ", t);

Fallback Values on Failure/Empty

If a Future failed or succeed with null, returns a Future that succeed with a default value. Otherwise (i.e. succeed with a non-null value), returns the Future itself. e.g.:

Future<Integer> plusOneFuture = fallbackWith(intFuture, 0).map(i -> i + 1);

the lazy version:

Future<Double> plusOneFuture = FutureUtils.<Double>fallbackWith(doubleFuture, throwableOpt ->
        throwableOpt.map(t -> {
            log.warn("fallback error with -0.5, the error is: ", t);
            return -0.5;
        }).orElseGet(() -> {
            log.warn("fallback empty with 0.5");
            return 0.5;
        })
).map(d -> d + 1);

or with separated lambdas for failure & empty:

Future<Double> plusOneFuture = fallbackWith(doubleFuture, error -> {
    System.out.println("fallback error with -0.5, the error is " + error);
    return -0.5;
}, () -> {
    System.out.println("fallback empty with 0.5");
    return 0.5;
}).map(d -> d + 1);

If you want to replace the Future (failed or succeed with null) with another Future (asynchronous and/or maybe failed), you can useflatFallbackWith(). e.g.:

Future<Integer> cachedCountFuture = getCountFutureFromCache();
Future<Integer> countFuture1 = flatFallbackWith(countFuture, _throwableOpt -> getCountFutureViaHttp());
Future<Integer> countFuture2 = flatFallbackWith(
        countFuture, throwable -> getCountFutureViaHttpOnFailure(throwable), () -> getCountFutureViaHttpOnEmpty()
);

Map Non-Null Value Only

Maps a Future only when it succeeds with a non-null value. If the parameter Future succeeds with null, mapSome() also returns a Future succeed with null. e.g.:

Future<List<Integer>> intsFuture = getIntegers();
Future<List<String>> hexStringsFuture = mapSome(intsFuture, ints ->
        ints.stream().map(i -> Integer.toString(i, 16)).collect(Collectors.toUnmodifiableList())
);

If the mapper itself returns a Future, you can use flatMapSome() to flatten the nested Futures. e.g.:

Future<String> userIdFuture = getUserIdFuture();
Future<User> userFuture = flatMapSome(userIdFuture, id -> getUserFuture(id));

Access CompositeFuture Itself on Failure

When a CompositeFuture failed, we cannot access the CompositeFuture itself directly inside the lambda argument of onComplete() or onFailure. A workaround is introducing a local variable. e.g:

CompositeFuture composite = CompositeFuture.join(
        Future.succeededFuture(1), Future.<Double>failedFuture("fail"), Future.succeededFuture("hello")
);
composite.onFailure(t -> {
    System.out.println("The CompositeFuture failed, where these base Futures succeed:");
    for (int i = 0; i < composite.size(); i++) {
        if (composite.succeeded(i)) {
            System.out.println(("Future-" + i));
        }
    }
});

But this is not fluent and cause an extra variable introduced, especially we repeat to do this again and again. In this case, we can use CompositeFutureWrapper#use() instead. e.g.:

CompositeFutureWrapper.of(CompositeFuture.join(
        Future.succeededFuture(1), Future.<Double>failedFuture("fail"), Future.succeededFuture("hello")
)).use(composite -> composite.onFailure(t -> {
    System.out.println("The CompositeFuture failed, where these base Futures succeed:");
    for (int i = 0; i < composite.size(); i++) {
        if (composite.succeeded(i)) {
            System.out.println(("Future-" + i));
        }
    }
}));

While it's not recommended using CompositeFutureWrapper directly, please use more powerful subclasses CompositeFutureTuple[2-9] instead.

Mapping CompositeFuture on Failure

When a CompositeFuture failed, the lambda passed to its map()/flatMap() method won't be invoked. If you still want to map the partial succeed results, you can use CompositeFutureWrapper#through() (or its alias mapAnyway()). e.g.:

Future<Double> sumFuture = CompositeFutureWrapper.of(
        CompositeFuture.join(Future.succeededFuture(1.0), Future.<Integer>failedFuture("error"))
).through(composite -> (composite.succeeded(0) ? composite.<Double>resultAt(0) : 0.0) +
        (composite.succeeded(1) ? composite.<Integer>resultAt(1) : 0)
);

If the mapper itself returns a Future, we can use CompositeFutureWrapper#joinThrough() (or its alias flatMapAnyway()) to flatten the nested result Futures. e.g.:

Future<Double> sumFuture = CompositeFutureWrapper.of(
        CompositeFuture.join(Future.succeededFuture(1.0), Future.<Integer>failedFuture("error"))
).joinThrough(composite -> wrap(() -> composite.<Double>resultAt(0) + composite.<Integer>resultAt(1)));

While it's not recommended using CompositeFutureWrapper directly, please use more powerful subclasses CompositeFutureTuple[2-9] instead.

Keep Generic Type of the Original Futures of CompositeFuture

In a CompositeFuture, all the original Futures are type erased. We have to specify type parameters for the results frequently. e.g.:

Future<Integer> future0 = Future.succeededFuture(2);
Future<Double> future1 = Future.succeededFuture(3.5);
Future<Double> productFuture = CompositeFuture.all(future0, future1).map(
        composite -> composite.<Double>resultAt(0) * composite.<Integer>resultAt(1)
);

The result productFuture is 'succeed with 7.0'? Unfortunately, NO. It is 'failed with a ClassCastException', because the type parameters are misspecified. They are (Integer, Double), not (Double, Integer)! We can use CompositeFutureTuple2#mapTyped() (or its alias applift()) to avoid this error-prone case. e.g.:

Future<Integer> future0 = Future.succeededFuture(2);
Future<Double> future1 = Future.succeededFuture(3.5);
Future<Double> productFuture = FutureUtils.all(future0, future1).mapTyped((i, d) -> i * d);

We needn't specify the type parameters manually inside the lambda argument of mapTyped() anymore, because the CompositeFutureTuple2 has already kept them. Moreover, the code is significantly simplified with the boilerplate code reduced.

If the lambda result itself is a Future, we can use CompositeFutureTuple2#flatMapTyped() (or its alias joinApplift()) to flatten the nested result Futures. e.g:

Future<Integer> future0 = Future.succeededFuture(2);
Future<Double> future1 = Future.failedFuture("error");
Future<Double> productFuture = FutureUtils.all(future0, future1).flatMapTyped((i, d) -> wrap(() -> i * d));

There are also any() and join() factory methods, and CompositeFutureTuple3 to CompositeFutureTuple9 for 3-9 arities.

Mapping the Original Futures of a CompositeFuture on Failure

In CompositeFutureTuple[2-9], there are additional overload through() & joinThrough() (and their alias mapAnyway & flatMapAnyway) methods, they provide the original Futures as parameters to invoke the lambda argument. e.g. :

Future<Double> sumFuture = FutureUtils.join(
        Future.succeededFuture(1.0), Future.<Integer>failedFuture("error")
).through((fut0, fut1) -> fallbackWith(fut0, 0.0).result() + fallbackWith(fut1, 0).result());

Access CompositeFuture and the Original Futures on Failure

In CompositeFutureTuple[2-9], there is an additional overload use() method, it provides the CompositeFuture itself as well as the original Futures as parameters to invoke the lambda argument. e.g.:

Future<Double> future0 = Future.succeededFuture(1.0);
Future<Integer> future1 = Future.failedFuture("error");
FutureUtils.join(future0, future1).use((composite, fut0, fut1) -> composite.onComplete(_ar -> {
        String status = composite.succeeded() ? "succeeded" : "failed";
        System.out.println(String.format("composite future %s, original futures: (%s, %s)", status, fut0, fut1))
}));

Moreover, there is a new method with() that likes use() but return a value. e.g.:

Future<Double> future0 = Future.succeededFuture(1.0);
Future<Integer> future1 = Future.failedFuture("error");
Future<String> stringFuture = join(future0, future1).with((composite, fut0, fut1) -> composite.compose(
        _x -> Future.succeededFuture(String.format("succeeded: (%s, %s)", fut0, fut1)),
        _t -> Future.succeededFuture(String.format("failed: (%s, %s)", fut0, fut1))
));

Setting Default/Fallback Values before Composition

We can set default values for each original Futures before composition to avoid null check. e.g.:

Future<Integer> future0 = defaultWith(futureA, 1);
Future<Integer> future1 = defaultWith(futureB, 1);
Future<Double> future2 = defaultWith(futureC, 1.0);
Future<Double> productFuture = FutureUtils.all(future0, future1, future2)
        .mapTyped((i1, i2, d) -> i1 * i2 * d);

In fact, it's unnecessary to introduce so many temporary variables at all, we can use FutureTuple3#defaults() to simplify it. e.g.:

Future<Double> productFuture = tuple(futureA, futureB, futureC)
        .defaults(1, 1, 1.0)
        .join()
        .mapTyped((i1, i2, d) -> i1 * i2 * d);

the factory method tuple() creates a FutureTuple3 object, and then invoke its defaults() method to set default values, then invoke its join() method to get a CompositeFutureTuple3 object.

Another useful method of FutureTuple[2-9] is fallback(), just likes defaults(), we can use it to set the fallback values at once. e.g.:

Future<Double> productFuture = tuple(futureA, futureB, futureC)
        .fallback(1, 1, 1.0)
        .all()
        .mapTyped((i1, i2, d) -> i1 * i2 * d);

There are other similar methods in FutureTuple[2-9]: mapEmpty(), otherwise(), otherwiseEmpty() and overload methods for otherwise, defaults(), fallback() with effect, see the Java doc . e.g.:

Future<String> productFutureA = tuple(futureA, futureB, futureC)
        .otherwiseEmpty()
        .any()
        .mapTyped((i1, i2, d) -> String.format("results: (%d, %d, %f)", i1, i2, d));

Future<Double> productFutureB = tuple(futureA, futureB, futureC).fallback(
        t -> log.error("fallback on failure", t),
        () -> log.warn("fallback on empty"),
        1, 1, 1.0
).all().mapTyped((i1, i2, d) -> i1 * i2 * d);