fix(style-code): Resolve static analysis errors and improve type safety

[walmir-silva]

This commit addresses a series of issues identified by PHPStan, enhancing the overall type safety and robustness of the data structures.

• BinaryHeap: Corrected type inference by specifying the heap property as a list, which eliminates the need for explicit integer casting when removing elements.
• TreeMap/TreeMapNode: Fixed a potential null pointer exception in balanceAfterInsertion by adding a safety check for the grandparent node.
• HashMap: Refactored to use a consistent internal key handling mechanism, resolving type errors and adding proper support for object keys.
• ArrayList: Fixed a Cannot cast mixed to string error by explicitly handling the resource type.
• phpstan.neon: Cleaned up the configuration by removing obsolete ignored error patterns.