diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4e33aeb --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitignore @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +.idea/ +.cache/ +dist/ +node_modules/ +package-lock.json \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/404.html b/404.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..260cc4c --- /dev/null +++ b/404.html @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ + + + + + + Page Not Found + + + + + +

Page Not Found

+

Sorry, but the page you were trying to view does not exist.

+ + + + diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..294e91d --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +Copyright (c) HTML5 Boilerplate + +Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of +this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in +the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to +use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies +of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do +so, subject to the following conditions: + +The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all +copies or substantial portions of the Software. + +THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR +IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, +FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE +AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER +LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, +OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE +SOFTWARE. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md deleted file mode 100644 index 7dc6491..0000000 --- a/README.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# OpenSourceInfo -Dies ist eine Info Seite zu Open Source - -Made by Peer und Linus \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Todos.md b/Todos.md deleted file mode 100644 index 4a27987..0000000 --- a/Todos.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,28 +0,0 @@ -# TODOS - -## Layout -- [x] Rechtschreibung -- [x] Textsetzung -> Blocksatz -- [x] Tooltips funktionieren -- [x] Link Layout - Farbe verändern -- [ ] SlideShow -- [x] Collapsible -- [ ] Terminologie -> FOSS/Open Source -- [ ] Icons -- [x] Navbar Layout korrigieren (Mehr Space) -- [x] Navbar Aktualisieren - -## Inhaltliches: - -- [x] Weitere Gründe -- [x] Call To Action -- [x] Weitere Informationen, Artikel usw. -- [x] Quick Protokoll Link -- [x] Add Readme to repo ----- - - -## Sonstiges: - -- [x] Repo Aufräumen - diff --git a/browserconfig.xml b/browserconfig.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e5a529d --- /dev/null +++ b/browserconfig.xml @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/css/accordion.css b/css/accordion.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..34e585d --- /dev/null +++ b/css/accordion.css @@ -0,0 +1,95 @@ +.wrapper { + max-width: 35em; + padding: 2em 0; + margin: 0 auto; +} + +.wrap { + display: block; + line-height: 1.4em; + position: relative; + width: 100%; + margin: .5em 0; +} + +.reasons input { + display: none; +} + +.accordion-box { + position: relative; + display: flex; + align-items: center; + background-color: #1A3967; + color: #FFFFFF; + user-select: none; + box-shadow: 0 .5em 1em rgba(0, 0, 0, .16); + line-height: 2.9em; + font-size: 1.2em; + z-index: 1; +} + +.accordion-label { + display: block; + position: absolute; + cursor: pointer; + z-index: 2; + opacity: 0; + height: 100%; + width: 100%; +} + +.accordion-headline { + display: flex; + cursor: pointer; + padding-left: .8em; + width: 100%; +} + +.cross { + padding: 0 .8em; +} + +.cross:before, .cross:after { + content: ''; + border-top: 2px solid #FFFFFF; + width: 15px; + display: block; + transition: 0.3s; +} + +.cross:after { + transform: rotate(90deg); + margin-top: -2px; +} + +.content { + box-sizing: border-box; + font-size: .9em; + margin: 0 .5em; + max-height: 0; + overflow: hidden; + transition: max-height, .2s; +} + +.content:after { + box-sizing: border-box; + font-size: 0.9em; + margin: .5em; + max-height: 0; + overflow: hidden; + transition: max-height, all .25s ease-in-out; +} + +.reasons input:checked ~ .content { + max-height: 125em; + transition: max-height, .2s; +} + +.reasons input:checked ~ .accordion-box .cross:before { + transform: rotate(180deg); +} + +.reasons input:checked ~ .accordion-box .cross:after { + transform: rotate(0deg); +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/css/burgerMenu.css b/css/burgerMenu.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..529369b --- /dev/null +++ b/css/burgerMenu.css @@ -0,0 +1,144 @@ +[role=navigation] { + display: block; + position: relative; + padding: 1.5em; +} + +#menu-toggle { + height: 1.5em; + display: block; + position: relative; + z-index: 1; + + -webkit-user-select: none; + user-select: none; +} + +#burger { + user-select: none; +} + +#menu button { + display: none; +} + +#menu label { + display: flex; + justify-content: flex-start; + cursor: pointer; + padding: 1em; + text-decoration: none; + transition: color 0.3s ease; + width: 80%; + border-bottom: 0.1em solid #eff2f6; + font-size: 1.375em; + color: #1A3967; +} + +#menu #first-reset { + border-top: 0.1em solid #eff2f6; +} + +#menu label:hover { + color: #ed7f22; +} + +#menu-toggle #burger { + display: block; + width: 2em; + height: 100%; + margin-bottom: 5px; + position: absolute; + top: auto; + left: auto; + + cursor: pointer; + + opacity: 0; /* hide this */ + z-index: 2; /* and place it over the hamburger */ + + -webkit-touch-callout: none; +} + +/* + * Just a quick hamburger + */ +#menu-toggle span { + display: block; + width: 2em; + height: 0.25em; + margin-bottom: 0.3125em; + position: relative; + + background: #1A3967; + border-radius: 0.1875em; + + z-index: 1; + + transform-origin: 0.25em 0; + + transition: transform 0.5s cubic-bezier(0.77, 0.2, 0.05, 1.0), + background 0.5s cubic-bezier(0.77, 0.2, 0.05, 1.0), + opacity 0.55s ease; +} + +#menu-toggle span:first-child { + transform-origin: 0 0; +} + +#menu-toggle span:nth-last-child(2) { + transform-origin: 0 100%; +} + +/* + * Transform all the slices of hamburger + * into a cross-mark. + */ +#menu-toggle input:checked ~ span { + opacity: 1; + transform: rotate(45deg) translate(-2px, -1px); + background: #1A3967; +} + +/* + * But let's hide the middle one. + */ +#menu-toggle input:checked ~ span:nth-last-child(3) { + opacity: 0; + transform: rotate(0deg) scale(0.2, 0.2); +} + +/* + * Oh-yeah and the last one should go the other direction + */ +#menu-toggle input:checked ~ span:nth-last-child(2) { + transform: rotate(-45deg) translate(0, -1px); +} + +/* + * Make this absolute positioned + * at the top left of the screen + */ +#menu { + position: absolute; + width: 100vw; + height: 100vh; + right: -100%; + + background: #ffffff; + + list-style-type: none; + -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; + /* to stop flickering of text in safari */ + + transform-origin: 0 0; + transform: translate(100%, 0); + + transition: transform 0.5s cubic-bezier(0.77, 0.2, 0.05, 1.0); +} + + +#menu-toggle #burger:checked ~ ul { + transform: none; +} + diff --git a/css/button.css b/css/button.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..945d4de --- /dev/null +++ b/css/button.css @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +.sub-chapter { + display: flex; + align-items: center; + flex-direction: column; + margin: 1em 0; +} + +.sub-chapter h3 { + font-size: 1.5em; + margin: .25em; +} + +.ref-button { + display: flex; + align-items: center; + justify-content: center; + flex-direction: column; + color: #1A3967; + text-decoration: none; + margin: .5em; + width: 100%; + max-width: 23em; + border: .1em solid #1A3967; + border-radius: 0.3125em; + box-shadow: 0 1.875em 2.5em -1.25em var(--grayishBlue); + background-color: #f9f9f9; +} + +.bigger-ref { + padding: .5em; +} + +.ref-button:hover { + color: #ed7f22; + transition: color .3s ease; +} + +.button-header { + text-align: center; + font-weight: bolder; + font-size: .8em; +} + +.button-link { + font-size: .8em; +} + +.bundle { + display: flex; + align-items: center; + justify-content: center; + flex-direction: row; +} + +.button-package { + display: flex; + align-items: center; + justify-content: center; + flex-direction: column; + text-align: center; + color: #1A3967; + text-decoration: none; + margin: .5em; + width: 100%; + max-width: 23em; +} + +@media (max-width: 50.625em) { + .bundle { + flex-direction: column + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/css/card.css b/css/card.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f0e6eed --- /dev/null +++ b/css/card.css @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +#link-collection, #vs { + --red: hsl(0, 78%, 62%); + --cyan: hsl(180, 62%, 55%); + --orange: hsl(34, 97%, 64%); + --blue: hsl(212, 86%, 64%); + --green: hsl(156, 59%, 50%); + --varyDarkBlue: hsl(234, 12%, 34%); + --grayishBlue: hsl(229, 6%, 66%); + --veryLightGray: hsl(0, 0%, 98%); + --weight1: 200; + --weight2: 400; + --weight3: 600; +} + + +.box { + border-radius: 0.3125em; + box-shadow: 0 1.875em 2.5em -1.25em var(--grayishBlue); + padding: 1.875em; + margin: 1.875em 0 3.125em 0; +} + +.cyan { + border-top: 0.1875em solid var(--cyan); +} +.blue { + border-top: 0.1875em solid var(--blue); +} +.red { + border-top: 0.1875em solid var(--red); +} +.green { + border-top: 0.1875em solid var(--green); +} + +@media (min-width: 50.625em) { + .box { + width: 100%; + } +} diff --git a/css/carousel.css b/css/carousel.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4a3129c --- /dev/null +++ b/css/carousel.css @@ -0,0 +1,237 @@ +@keyframes toNext { + 75% { + left: 0; + } + 95% { + left: 100%; + } + 98% { + left: 100%; + } + 99% { + left: 0; + } +} + +@keyframes toStart { + 75% { + left: 0; + } + 95% { + left: -300%; + } + 98% { + left: -300%; + } + 99% { + left: 0; + } +} + +@keyframes snap { + 96% { + scroll-snap-align: center; + } + 97% { + scroll-snap-align: none; + } + 99% { + scroll-snap-align: none; + } + 100% { + scroll-snap-align: center; + } +} + +*::-webkit-scrollbar { + width: 0; +} + +*::-webkit-scrollbar-track { + background: transparent; +} + +*::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb { + background: transparent; + border: none; +} + +* { + -ms-overflow-style: none; +} + +ol, li { + list-style: none; + margin: 0; + padding: 0; +} + +.carousel { + position: relative; + padding-top: 75%; + filter: drop-shadow(0 0 0.625em #0003); + perspective: 6.25em; + margin: 0 auto; + text-align: center; +} + + +.carousel__viewport { + position: absolute; + top: 0; + right: 0; + bottom: 0; + left: 0; + display: flex; + overflow-x: scroll; + counter-reset: item; + scroll-behavior: smooth; + scroll-snap-type: x mandatory; + margin-bottom: -1.25em; +} + +.carousel__slide { + position: relative; + flex: 0 0 100%; + width: 100%; + background-color: #f9f9f9; + counter-increment: item; +} + +.carousel__slide:before { + position: absolute; + top: 50%; + left: 50%; + transform: translate3d(-50%,-40%,4.375em); + color: #fff; + font-size: 2em; + +} +.carousel__snapper { + position: absolute; + top: 0; + left: 0; + width: 100%; + height: 100%; + scroll-snap-align: center; +} + +@media (hover: hover) { + .carousel__snapper { + animation-name: toNext, snap; + animation-timing-function: ease; + animation-duration: 4s; + animation-iteration-count: infinite; + } + + .carousel__slide:last-child .carousel__snapper { + animation-name: toStart, snap; + } +} + +@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) { + .carousel__snapper { + animation-name: none; + } +} + +.carousel:hover .carousel__snapper, +.carousel:focus-within .carousel__snapper { + animation-name: none; +} + +.carousel__navigation { + position: absolute; + right: 0; + bottom: 0; + left: 0; + text-align: center; +} + +.carousel__navigation-list, +.carousel__navigation-item { + display: inline-block; +} + +.carousel__navigation-button { + display: inline-block; + width: 1.5rem; + height: 1.5rem; + background-color: #333; + background-clip: content-box; + border: 0.25rem solid transparent; + border-radius: 50%; + font-size: 0; + transition: transform 0.1s; +} + +.carousel::before, +.carousel::after, +.carousel__prev, +.carousel__next { + position: absolute; + top: 0; + margin-top: 37.5%; + width: 4rem; + height: 4rem; + transform: translateY(-50%); + border-radius: 50%; + font-size: 0; + outline: 0; +} + +.carousel::before, +.carousel__prev { + left: -1rem; +} + +.carousel::after, +.carousel__next { + right: -1rem; +} + +.carousel::before, +.carousel::after { + content: ''; + z-index: 1; + background-color: #333; + background-size: 1.5rem 1.5rem; + background-repeat: no-repeat; + background-position: center center; + color: #fff; + font-size: 2.5rem; + line-height: 4rem; + text-align: center; + pointer-events: none; +} + +.icon { + height: 3.75em; +} + +.carousel::before { + background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg viewBox='0 0 100 100' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Cpolygon points='0,50 80,100 80,0' fill='%23fff'/%3E%3C/svg%3E"); +} + +.carousel::after { + background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg viewBox='0 0 100 100' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Cpolygon points='100,50 20,100 20,0' fill='%23fff'/%3E%3C/svg%3E"); +} + + +@media (max-width: 50.625em) { + .carousel { + padding-top: 200%; + } + .carousel::before, .carousel::after, .carousel__prev, .carousel__next { + margin-top:120%; + + position: absolute; + top: 0; + width: 4rem; + height: 4rem; + transform: translateY(-0%); + border-radius: 50%; + font-size: 0; + outline: 0; + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/css/flipcard.css b/css/flipcard.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3cbf976 --- /dev/null +++ b/css/flipcard.css @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +.flip-card { + background-color: transparent; + width: 350px; + height: 200px; + perspective: 1000px; +} + +/* This container is needed to position the front and back side */ +.flip-card-inner { + position: relative; + width: 100%; + height: 100%; + text-align: center; + transition: transform 0.8s; + transform-style: preserve-3d; +} + +/* Do an horizontal flip when you move the mouse over the flip box container */ +.flip-card:hover .flip-card-inner, .flip-card:active .flip-card-inner { + transform: rotateY(180deg); +} + +/* Position the front and back side */ +.flip-card-front, .flip-card-back { + display: flex; + align-items: center; + position: absolute; + width: 100%; + height: 100%; + -webkit-backface-visibility: hidden; + /* Safari */ + backface-visibility: hidden; +} + +/* Style the front side (fallback if image is missing) */ +.flip-card-front { + justify-content: center; + background-color: #1A3967; + color: white; +} + +/* Style the back side */ +.flip-card-back { + background-color: #ed7f22; + color: white; + transform: rotateY(180deg); + font-weight: 400; +} + +.flip-card-back p{ + margin: 15px; +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/css/footer.css b/css/footer.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6b3416c --- /dev/null +++ b/css/footer.css @@ -0,0 +1,111 @@ +.site-footer { + width: 100%; + position: relative; + bottom: 0; + z-index: 100; + text-decoration: none; +} + +.site-footer .footer { + border-top: unset; + width: 100%; + background-color: #ffffff; + box-sizing: border-box; + z-index: 10; + transform: translateY(0); + transition: all .25s ease-in-out; + position: fixed; + bottom: 0; + box-shadow: 0 1em 2em rgba(0, 0, 0, .16); +} + +.site-footer .desktop { + display: block; +} + +.site-footer .mobile { + width: 100vw; + display: none; +} + +@media (max-width: 50.625em) { + .site-footer .mobile { + display: block + } + + .site-footer .desktop { + display: none + } +} + +.mobile-container { + display: flex; + align-content: center; + justify-content: flex-end; + max-width: 50.625em; + width: 100%; + margin-right: auto; + margin-left: auto; +} + +.desktop .container { + max-width: 71.25em; + width: 100%; + margin-right: auto; + margin-left: auto; +} + +.desktop .row { + display: flex; + flex-wrap: wrap; +} + +.desktop .button { + color: #1A3967; + cursor: pointer; + display: block; + font-size: 14px; + font-weight: 600; + padding: 1.5em 0; + position: relative; + transition: all .25s ease-in-out; + letter-spacing: .02em; + line-height: 1.875; + flex-shrink: 1; + text-decoration: none; +} + +.desktop .button::after { + background: transparent; + bottom: 0; + content: ""; + display: block; + height: 0.125em; + left: 0; + pointer-events: none; + position: absolute; + transform: translateX(0) translateY(0); + transition: .2s ease-in-out; + width: calc(100% + 17px); +} + +.desktop .button:hover { + color: #ed7f22; +} + +.desktop .nav-wrapper { + display: flex; + justify-content: space-evenly; + align-content: center; + width: 100%; +} + +.desktop .nav-wrapper span { + width: 2px; + height: 2em; + margin: 1em 0; + background: #1A3967; + border-radius: 0.1875em; + display: block; + flex-shrink: 1; +} diff --git a/css/header.css b/css/header.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6efa1fb --- /dev/null +++ b/css/header.css @@ -0,0 +1,111 @@ +.site-header { + width: 100%; + position: relative; + top: 0; + z-index: 100; + text-decoration: none; +} + +.site-header .header { + border-bottom: unset; + width: 100%; + background-color: #ffffff; + box-sizing: border-box; + z-index: 10; + transform: translateY(0); + transition: all .25s ease-in-out; + position: fixed; + top: 0; + box-shadow: 0 1em 2em rgba(0, 0, 0, .16); +} + +.site-header .desktop { + display: block; +} + +.site-header .mobile { + width: 100vw; + display: none; +} + +@media (max-width: 50.625em) { + .site-header .mobile { + display: block + } + + .site-header .desktop { + display: none + } +} + +.mobile-container { + display: flex; + align-content: center; + justify-content: flex-end; + max-width: 50.625em; + width: 100%; + margin-right: auto; + margin-left: auto; +} + +.desktop .container { + max-width: 71.25em; + width: 100%; + margin-right: auto; + margin-left: auto; +} + +.desktop .row { + display: flex; + flex-wrap: wrap; +} + +.desktop .button { + color: #1A3967; + cursor: pointer; + display: block; + font-size: 14px; + font-weight: 600; + padding: 1.5em 0; + position: relative; + transition: all .25s ease-in-out; + letter-spacing: .02em; + line-height: 1.875; + flex-shrink: 1; + text-decoration: none; +} + +.desktop .button::after { + background: transparent; + bottom: 0; + content: ""; + display: block; + height: 0.125em; + left: 0; + pointer-events: none; + position: absolute; + transform: translateX(0) translateY(0); + transition: .2s ease-in-out; + width: calc(100% + 17px); +} + +.desktop .button:hover { + color: #ed7f22; +} + +.desktop .nav-wrapper { + display: flex; + justify-content: space-evenly; + align-content: center; + width: 100%; +} + +.desktop .nav-wrapper span { + width: 2px; + height: 2em; + margin: 1em 0; + background: #1A3967; + border-radius: 0.1875em; + display: block; + flex-shrink: 1; +} diff --git a/css/main.css b/css/main.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..12ebaae --- /dev/null +++ b/css/main.css @@ -0,0 +1,277 @@ +/*! HTML5 Boilerplate v8.0.0 | MIT License | https://html5boilerplate.com/ */ + +/* main.css 2.1.0 | MIT License | https://github.com/h5bp/main.css#readme */ +/* + * What follows is the result of much research on cross-browser styling. + * Credit left inline and big thanks to Nicolas Gallagher, Jonathan Neal, + * Kroc Camen, and the H5BP dev community and team. + */ + +/* ========================================================================== + Base styles: opinionated defaults + ========================================================================== */ + +html { + color: #1A3967; + font-size: 1em; + line-height: 1.4; + font-family: "Inter", "SF Pro Text", "Myriad Set Pro", "SF Pro Icons", "Apple Legacy Chevron", "Helvetica Neue", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; +} + +/* + * Remove text-shadow in selection highlight: + * https://twitter.com/miketaylr/status/12228805301 + * + * Vendor-prefixed and regular ::selection selectors cannot be combined: + * https://stackoverflow.com/a/16982510/7133471 + * + * Customize the background color to match your design. + */ + +::-moz-selection { + background: #b3d4fc; + text-shadow: none; +} + +::selection { + background: #b3d4fc; + text-shadow: none; +} + +/* + * A better looking default horizontal rule + */ + +hr { + display: block; + height: 1px; + border: 0; + border-top: 1px solid #ccc; + margin: 1em 0; + padding: 0; +} + +/* + * Remove the gap between audio, canvas, iframes, + * images, videos and the bottom of their containers: + * https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate/issues/440 + */ + +audio, +canvas, +iframe, +img, +svg, +video { + vertical-align: middle; +} + +/* + * Remove default fieldset styles. + */ + +fieldset { + border: 0; + margin: 0; + padding: 0; +} + +/* + * Allow only vertical resizing of textareas. + */ + +textarea { + resize: vertical; +} + +/* ========================================================================== + Author's custom styles + ========================================================================== */ + +/* ========================================================================== + Helper classes + ========================================================================== */ + +/* + * Hide visually and from screen readers + */ + +.hidden, +[hidden] { + display: none !important; +} + +/* + * Hide only visually, but have it available for screen readers: + * https://snook.ca/archives/html_and_css/hiding-content-for-accessibility + * + * 1. For long content, line feeds are not interpreted as spaces and small width + * causes content to wrap 1 word per line: + * https://medium.com/@jessebeach/beware-smushed-off-screen-accessible-text-5952a4c2cbfe + */ + +.sr-only { + border: 0; + clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); + height: 1px; + margin: -1px; + overflow: hidden; + padding: 0; + position: absolute; + white-space: nowrap; + width: 1px; + /* 1 */ +} + +/* + * Extends the .sr-only class to allow the element + * to be focusable when navigated to via the keyboard: + * https://www.drupal.org/node/897638 + */ + +.sr-only.focusable:active, +.sr-only.focusable:focus { + clip: auto; + height: auto; + margin: 0; + overflow: visible; + position: static; + white-space: inherit; + width: auto; +} + +/* + * Hide visually and from screen readers, but maintain layout + */ + +.invisible { + visibility: hidden; +} + +/* + * Clearfix: contain floats + * + * For modern browsers + * 1. The space content is one way to avoid an Opera bug when the + * `contenteditable` attribute is included anywhere else in the document. + * Otherwise it causes space to appear at the top and bottom of elements + * that receive the `clearfix` class. + * 2. The use of `table` rather than `block` is only necessary if using + * `:before` to contain the top-margins of child elements. + */ + +.clearfix::before, +.clearfix::after { + content: " "; + display: table; +} + +.clearfix::after { + clear: both; +} + +/* ========================================================================== + EXAMPLE Media Queries for Responsive Design. + These examples override the primary ('mobile first') styles. + Modify as content requires. + ========================================================================== */ + +@media only screen and (min-width: 35em) { + /* Style adjustments for viewports that meet the condition */ +} + +@media print, +(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), +(min-resolution: 1.25dppx), +(min-resolution: 120dpi) { + /* Style adjustments for high resolution devices */ +} + +/* ========================================================================== + Print styles. + Inlined to avoid the additional HTTP request: + https://www.phpied.com/delay-loading-your-print-css/ + ========================================================================== */ + +@media print { + *, + *::before, + *::after { + background: #fff !important; + color: #000 !important; + /* Black prints faster */ + box-shadow: none !important; + text-shadow: none !important; + } + + a, + a:visited { + text-decoration: underline; + } + + a[href]::after { + content: " (" attr(href) ")"; + } + + abbr[title]::after { + content: " (" attr(title) ")"; + } + + /* + * Don't show links that are fragment identifiers, + * or use the `javascript:` pseudo protocol + */ + a[href^="#"]::after, + a[href^="javascript:"]::after { + content: ""; + } + + pre { + white-space: pre-wrap !important; + } + + pre, + blockquote { + border: 1px solid #999; + page-break-inside: avoid; + } + + thead { + display: table-header-group; + } + + tr, + img { + page-break-inside: avoid; + } + + p, + h2, + h3 { + orphans: 3; + widows: 3; + } + + h2, + h3 { + page-break-after: avoid; + } + + .body { + color: #273139; + } +} + +.flex-container { + display: flex; + justify-content: space-around; + flex-wrap: wrap; +} + +.flex-container-vertical { + display: flex; + flex-direction: column; + border-radius: 5px; + margin: 20px; + align-items: center; +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/css/normalize.css b/css/normalize.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..adfc340 --- /dev/null +++ b/css/normalize.css @@ -0,0 +1,348 @@ +/*! normalize.css v8.0.1 | MIT License | github.com/necolas/normalize.css */ + +/* Document + ========================================================================== */ + +/** + * 1. Correct the line height in all browsers. + * 2. Prevent adjustments of font size after orientation changes in iOS. + */ + +html { + line-height: 1.15; /* 1 */ + -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; /* 2 */ +} + +/* Sections + ========================================================================== */ + +/** + * Remove the margin in all browsers. + */ + +body { + margin: 0; +} + +/** + * Render the `main` element consistently in IE. + */ + +main { + display: block; +} + +/** + * Correct the font size and margin on `h1` elements within `section` and + * `article` contexts in Chrome, Firefox, and Safari. + */ + +h1 { + font-size: 2em; + margin: 0.67em 0; +} + +/* Grouping content + ========================================================================== */ + +/** + * 1. Add the correct box sizing in Firefox. + * 2. Show the overflow in Edge and IE. + */ + +hr { + box-sizing: content-box; /* 1 */ + height: 0; /* 1 */ + overflow: visible; /* 2 */ +} + +/** + * 1. Correct the inheritance and scaling of font size in all browsers. + * 2. Correct the odd `em` font sizing in all browsers. + */ + +pre { + font-family: monospace, monospace; /* 1 */ + font-size: 1em; /* 2 */ +} + +/* Text-level semantics + ========================================================================== */ + +/** + * Remove the gray background on active links in IE 10. + */ + +a { + background-color: transparent; +} + +/** + * 1. Remove the bottom border in Chrome 57- + * 2. Add the correct text decoration in Chrome, Edge, IE, Opera, and Safari. + */ + +abbr[title] { + border-bottom: none; /* 1 */ + text-decoration: underline; /* 2 */ +} + +/** + * Add the correct font weight in Chrome, Edge, and Safari. + */ + +b, +strong { + font-weight: bolder; +} + +/** + * 1. Correct the inheritance and scaling of font size in all browsers. + * 2. Correct the odd `em` font sizing in all browsers. + */ + +code, +kbd, +samp { + font-family: monospace, monospace; /* 1 */ + font-size: 1em; /* 2 */ +} + +/** + * Add the correct font size in all browsers. + */ + +small { + font-size: 80%; +} + +/** + * Prevent `sub` and `sup` elements from affecting the line height in + * all browsers. + */ + +sub, +sup { + font-size: 75%; + line-height: 0; + position: relative; + vertical-align: baseline; +} + +sub { + bottom: -0.25em; +} + +sup { + top: -0.5em; +} + +/* Embedded content + ========================================================================== */ + +/** + * Remove the border on images inside links in IE 10. + */ + +img { + border-style: none; +} + +/* Forms + ========================================================================== */ + +/** + * 1. Change the font styles in all browsers. + * 2. Remove the margin in Firefox and Safari. + */ + +button, +input, +optgroup, +select, +textarea { + font-family: inherit; /* 1 */ + font-size: 100%; /* 1 */ + line-height: 1.15; /* 1 */ + margin: 0; /* 2 */ +} + +/** + * Show the overflow in IE. + * 1. Show the overflow in Edge. + */ + +button, +input { /* 1 */ + overflow: visible; +} + +/** + * Remove the inheritance of text transform in Edge, Firefox, and IE. + * 1. Remove the inheritance of text transform in Firefox. + */ + +button, +select { /* 1 */ + text-transform: none; +} + +/** + * Correct the inability to style clickable types in iOS and Safari. + */ + +button, +[type="button"], +[type="reset"], +[type="submit"] { + -webkit-appearance: button; +} + +/** + * Remove the inner border and padding in Firefox. + */ + +button::-moz-focus-inner, +[type="button"]::-moz-focus-inner, +[type="reset"]::-moz-focus-inner, +[type="submit"]::-moz-focus-inner { + border-style: none; + padding: 0; +} + +/** + * Restore the focus styles unset by the previous rule. + */ + +button:-moz-focusring, +[type="button"]:-moz-focusring, +[type="reset"]:-moz-focusring, +[type="submit"]:-moz-focusring { + outline: 1px dotted ButtonText; +} + +/** + * Correct the padding in Firefox. + */ + +fieldset { + padding: 0.35em 0.75em 0.625em; +} + +/** + * 1. Correct the text wrapping in Edge and IE. + * 2. Correct the color inheritance from `fieldset` elements in IE. + * 3. Remove the padding so developers are not caught out when they zero out + * `fieldset` elements in all browsers. + */ + +legend { + box-sizing: border-box; /* 1 */ + color: inherit; /* 2 */ + display: table; /* 1 */ + max-width: 100%; /* 1 */ + padding: 0; /* 3 */ + white-space: normal; /* 1 */ +} + +/** + * Add the correct vertical alignment in Chrome, Firefox, and Opera. + */ + +progress { + vertical-align: baseline; +} + +/** + * Remove the default vertical scrollbar in IE 10+. + */ + +textarea { + overflow: auto; +} + +/** + * 1. Add the correct box sizing in IE 10. + * 2. Remove the padding in IE 10. + */ + +[type="checkbox"], +[type="radio"] { + box-sizing: border-box; /* 1 */ + padding: 0; /* 2 */ +} + +/** + * Correct the cursor style of increment and decrement buttons in Chrome. + */ + +[type="number"]::-webkit-inner-spin-button, +[type="number"]::-webkit-outer-spin-button { + height: auto; +} + +/** + * 1. Correct the odd appearance in Chrome and Safari. + * 2. Correct the outline style in Safari. + */ + +[type="search"] { + -webkit-appearance: textfield; /* 1 */ + outline-offset: -2px; /* 2 */ +} + +/** + * Remove the inner padding in Chrome and Safari on macOS. + */ + +[type="search"]::-webkit-search-decoration { + -webkit-appearance: none; +} + +/** + * 1. Correct the inability to style clickable types in iOS and Safari. + * 2. Change font properties to `inherit` in Safari. + */ + +::-webkit-file-upload-button { + -webkit-appearance: button; /* 1 */ + font: inherit; /* 2 */ +} + +/* Interactive + ========================================================================== */ + +/* + * Add the correct display in Edge, IE 10+, and Firefox. + */ + +details { + display: block; +} + +/* + * Add the correct display in all browsers. + */ + +summary { + display: list-item; +} + +/* Misc + ========================================================================== */ + +/** + * Add the correct display in IE 10+. + */ + +template { + display: none; +} + +/** + * Add the correct display in IE 10. + */ + +[hidden] { + display: none; +} diff --git a/css/section.css b/css/section.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..951fa17 --- /dev/null +++ b/css/section.css @@ -0,0 +1,143 @@ +section { + padding: 4em 0; + display: flex; + justify-content: center; +} + +section .container { + padding: 0 1em; +} + +section .content-container { + max-width: 50.625em; +} + +.ov-page-hero .container { + padding: 2em 0; +} + +.ov-page-hero .content-container { + padding: 2em .5em; + display: block; + text-align: center; + max-width: none; +} + +.section-grey { + background: #f9fbfc; +} + +.ov-page-hero { + padding-top: 7em; + clip-path: none; + display: block; + width: auto; +} + +.ov-page-hero .container { + padding: 2em 0; +} + +.ov-page-hero .content-container { + padding: 2em .5em; + background-color: #ed7f22; + color: #ffffff; + display: block; + text-align: center; +} + +.hero-headline { + font-size: 1.7em; + line-height: 1.08349; + font-weight: 500; + letter-spacing: -.003em; + text-align: center; +} + +.hero-subhead { + font-size: 16px; + line-height: 1.16667; + font-weight: 300; + letter-spacing: .009em; + margin: 1.5em 0; + text-align: center; +} + +.citation .container { + display: flex; + justify-content: center; +} + +.citation .content-container { + max-width: 50.625em; +} + +.citation .cite { + font-weight: 100; + font-size: 2em; + font-style: italic; + font-family: "Inter", sans-serif; + line-height: 1.75em; + text-align: justify; + margin-bottom: 1em; +} + +.source { + display: block; + text-align: center; + font-weight: 300; + color: #1A3967; + font-size: 1em; +} + +.intro .content-container { + max-width: 35em; + background-color: #1A3967; + color: #ffffff; + text-align: center; + line-height: 1.2em; + font-size: 1.5em; + font-weight: 300; + padding: 1em 3em; +} + +@media only screen and (max-width: 35em) { + .citation .cite { + font-size: 1.25em; + } + .intro .content-container { + padding: 1em; + } +} + +.definition .container { + padding: 0 1em; +} + +.definition .content-container h1 { + font-size: 1.7em; +} + +.small-text-box { + max-width: 35em; + margin: 0 auto; +} + +.small-text-box > p { + text-align: justify; +} + +.small-text-box > li { + text-align: left; +} + +.small-text-box > .site-note, .source { + margin: .5em auto; + text-align: center; +} + +.small-text-box > .source { + display: block; + width: 100%; + overflow: hidden; +} diff --git a/doc/TOC.md b/doc/TOC.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..72ced7c --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/TOC.md @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +[HTML5 Boilerplate homepage](https://html5boilerplate.com/) + +## Getting started + +* [Usage](usage.md) — Overview of the project contents. +* [FAQ](faq.md) — Frequently asked questions along with their answers. + +## HTML5 Boilerplate core + +* [HTML](html.md) — Guide to the default HTML. +* [CSS](css.md) — Guide to the default CSS. +* [JavaScript](js.md) — Guide to the default JavaScript. +* [Everything else](misc.md). + +## Development + +* [Extending and customizing HTML5 Boilerplate](extend.md) — Going further with + the boilerplate. + +## Related projects + +The [H5BP organization](https://github.com/h5bp) maintains several projects that +complement HTML5 Boilerplate, projects that can help you improve different +aspects of your website/web app (e.g.: the performance, security, etc.). + +* [Server Configs](https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs) — Fast and smart + configurations for web servers such as Apache and Nginx. + * [Apache](https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs-apache) + * [Google App Engine (GAE)](https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs-gae) + * [Internet Information Services + (IIS)](https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs-iis) + * [lighttpd](https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs-lighttpd) + * [Nginx](https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs-nginx) + * [Node.js](https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs-node) +* [Front-end Developer Interview Questions](https://github.com/h5bp/Front-end-Developer-Interview-Questions) +* [create-html5-boilerplate](https://github.com/h5bp/create-html5-boilerplate) — Quick start HTML5 Boilerplate development +* [main.css](https://github.com/h5bp/main.css) — the main.css file included with HTML5 Boilerplate diff --git a/doc/css.md b/doc/css.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7297834 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/css.md @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +[HTML5 Boilerplate homepage](https://html5boilerplate.com/) | [Documentation +table of contents](TOC.md) + +# The CSS + +HTML5 Boilerplate's CSS includes: + +* [Normalize.css](#normalizecss) +* [main.css](#maincss) + +## Normalize.css + +In order to make browsers render all elements more consistently and in line with +modern standards, we include Normalize.css — a modern, HTML5-ready alternative +to CSS resets. + +As opposed to CSS resets, Normalize.css: + +* targets only the styles that need normalizing +* preserves useful browser defaults rather than erasing them +* corrects bugs and common browser inconsistencies +* improves usability with subtle improvements +* doesn't clutter the debugging tools +* has better documentation + +For more information about Normalize.css, please refer to its [project +page](https://necolas.github.io/normalize.css/). + +## main.css + +Several base styles are included that build upon `Normalize.css`. These styles: + +* provide basic typography settings that improve text readability +* protect against unwanted `text-shadow` during text highlighting +* tweak the default alignment of some elements (e.g.: `img`, `video`, + `fieldset`, `textarea`) +* style the prompt that is displayed to users using an outdated browser +* and more... + +These styles are included in +[main.css](https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate/blob/master/dist/css/main.css). +See the [main.css](https://github.com/h5bp/main.css) project +[documentation](https://github.com/h5bp/main.css/blob/master/README.md#features) +for a full discussion of these styles. diff --git a/doc/extend.md b/doc/extend.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4dc0040 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/extend.md @@ -0,0 +1,605 @@ +[HTML5 Boilerplate homepage](https://html5boilerplate.com) | [Documentation +table of contents](TOC.md) + +# Extend and customise HTML5 Boilerplate + +Here is some useful advice for how you can make your project with HTML5 +Boilerplate even better. We don't want to include it all by default, as not +everything fits with everyone's needs. + +* [App Stores](#app-stores) +* [DNS prefetching](#dns-prefetching) +* [Google Universal Analytics](#google-universal-analytics) +* [Internet Explorer](#internet-explorer) +* [Miscellaneous](#miscellaneous) +* [News Feeds](#news-feeds) +* [Search](#search) +* [Social Networks](#social-networks) +* [URLs](#urls) +* [Web Apps](#web-apps) +* [security.txt](#security.txt) + +## App Stores + +### Smart App Banners in iOS 6+ Safari + +Stop bothering everyone with gross modals advertising your entry in the App +Store. Including the following [meta +tag](https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/AppleApplications/Reference/SafariWebContent/PromotingAppswithAppBanners/PromotingAppswithAppBanners.html) +will unobtrusively give the user the option to download your iOS app, or open it +with some data about the user's current state on the website. + +```html + +``` + +## DNS prefetching + +In short, DNS Prefetching is a method of informing the browser of domain names +referenced on a site so that the client can resolve the DNS for those hosts, +cache them, and when it comes time to use them, have a faster turn around on the +request. + +### Implicit prefetches + +There is a lot of prefetching done for you automatically by the browser. When +the browser encounters an anchor in your html that does not share the same +domain name as the current location the browser requests, from the client OS, +the IP address for this new domain. The client first checks its cache and then, +lacking a cached copy, makes a request from a DNS server. These requests happen +in the background and are not meant to block the rendering of the page. + +The goal of this is that when the foreign IP address is finally needed it will +already be in the client cache and will not block the loading of the foreign +content. Fewer requests result in faster page load times. The perception of this +is increased on a mobile platform where DNS latency can be greater. + +### Explicit prefetches + +Typically the browser only scans the HTML for foreign domains. If you have +resources that are outside of your HTML (a javascript request to a remote server +or a CDN that hosts content that may not be present on every page of your site, +for example) then you can queue up a domain name to be prefetched. + +```html + + +``` + +You can use as many of these as you need, but it's best if they are all +immediately after the [Meta +Charset](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/meta#attr-charset) +element (which should go right at the top of the `head`), so the browser can act +on them ASAP. + +#### Common Prefetch Links + +Amazon S3: + +```html + +``` + +Google APIs: + +```html + +``` + +Microsoft Ajax Content Delivery Network: + +```html + + +``` + +### Further reading about DNS prefetching + +* https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/X-DNS-Prefetch-Control +* https://dev.chromium.org/developers/design-documents/dns-prefetching +* https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/archive/blogs/ie/internet-explorer-9-network-performance-improvements + +## Google Universal Analytics + +### More tracking settings + +The [optimized Google Universal Analytics +snippet](https://mathiasbynens.be/notes/async-analytics-snippet#universal-analytics) +included with HTML5 Boilerplate includes something like this: + +```js +ga('create', 'UA-XXXXX-X', 'auto'); ga('send', 'pageview'); +``` + +To customize further, see Google's [Advanced +Setup](https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/), +[Pageview](https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/pages), +and +[Event](https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/events) +Docs. + +### Track jQuery AJAX requests in Google Analytics + +An article by @JangoSteve explains how to [track jQuery AJAX requests in Google +Analytics](https://www.alfajango.com/blog/track-jquery-ajax-requests-in-google-analytics/). + +Add this to `plugins.js`: + +```js +/* + * Log all jQuery AJAX requests to Google Analytics + * See: https://www.alfajango.com/blog/track-jquery-ajax-requests-in-google-analytics/ + */ +if (typeof ga !== "undefined" && ga !== null) { + $(document).ajaxSend(function(event, xhr, settings){ + ga('send', 'pageview', settings.url); + }); +} +``` + +### Track JavaScript errors in Google Analytics + +Add this function after `ga` is defined: + +```js +(function(window){ + var undefined, + link = function (href) { + var a = window.document.createElement('a'); + a.href = href; + return a; + }; + window.onerror = function (message, file, line, column) { + var host = link(file).hostname; + ga('send', { + 'hitType': 'event', + 'eventCategory': (host == window.location.hostname || host == undefined || host == '' ? '' : 'external ') + 'error', + 'eventAction': message, + 'eventLabel': (file + ' LINE: ' + line + (column ? ' COLUMN: ' + column : '')).trim(), + 'nonInteraction': 1 + }); + }; +}(window)); +``` + +### Track page scroll + +Add this function after `ga` is defined. Note, the following snippet requires jQuery. + +```js +$(function(){ + var isDuplicateScrollEvent, + scrollTimeStart = new Date, + $window = $(window), + $document = $(document), + scrollPercent; + + $window.scroll(function() { + scrollPercent = Math.round(100 * ($window.height() + $window.scrollTop())/$document.height()); + if (scrollPercent > 90 && !isDuplicateScrollEvent) { //page scrolled to 90% + isDuplicateScrollEvent = 1; + ga('send', 'event', 'scroll', + 'Window: ' + $window.height() + 'px; Document: ' + $document.height() + 'px; Time: ' + Math.round((new Date - scrollTimeStart )/1000,1) + 's' + ); + } + }); +}); +``` + +## Internet Explorer + +### IE Pinned Sites + +Enabling your application for pinning will allow IE users to add it to their +Windows Taskbar and Start Menu. This comes with a range of new tools that you +can easily configure with the elements below. See more [documentation on IE +Pinned +Sites](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/internet-explorer/ie-developer/samples/gg491731(v%3dvs.85)). + +### Name the Pinned Site for Windows + +Without this rule, Windows will use the page title as the name for your +application. + +```html + +``` + +### Give your Pinned Site a tooltip + +You know — a tooltip. A little textbox that appears when the user holds their +mouse over your Pinned Site's icon. + +```html + +``` + +### Set a default page for your Pinned Site + +If the site should go to a specific URL when it is pinned (such as the +homepage), enter it here. One idea is to send it to a special URL so you can +track the number of pinned users, like so: +`https://www.example.com/index.html?pinned=true` + +```html + +``` + +### Recolor IE's controls manually for a Pinned Site + +IE will automatically use the overall color of your Pinned Site's favicon to +shade its browser buttons. UNLESS you give it another color here. Only use named +colors (`red`) or hex colors (`#ff0000`). + +```html + +``` + +### Manually set the window size of a Pinned Site + +If the site should open at a certain window size once pinned, you can specify +the dimensions here. It only supports static pixel dimensions. 800x600 minimum. + +```html + +``` + +### Jump List "Tasks" for Pinned Sites + +Add Jump List Tasks that will appear when the Pinned Site's icon gets a +right-click. Each Task goes to the specified URL, and gets its own mini icon +(essentially a favicon, a 16x16 .ICO). You can add as many of these as you need. + +```html + + +``` + +### (Windows 8) High quality visuals for Pinned Sites + +Windows 8 adds the ability for you to provide a PNG tile image and specify the +tile's background color. [Full details on the IE +blog](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/archive/blogs/ie/high-quality-visuals-for-pinned-sites-in-windows-8). + +* Create a 144x144 image of your site icon, filling all of the canvas, and using + a transparent background. +* Save this image as a 32-bit PNG and optimize it without reducing colour-depth. + It can be named whatever you want (e.g. `metro-tile.png`). +* To reference the tile and its color, add the HTML `meta` elements described in + the IE Blog post. + +### (Windows 8) Badges for Pinned Sites + +IE will poll an XML document for badge information to display on your app's tile +in the Start screen. The user will be able to receive these badge updates even +when your app isn't actively running. The badge's value can be a number, or one +of a predefined list of glyphs. + +* [Tutorial on IEBlog with link to badge XML +schema](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/archive/blogs/ie/pinned-sites-in-windows-8) +* [Available badge + values](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/uwp/schemas/tiles/badgeschema/element-badge) + +```html + +``` + +## Search + +### Direct search spiders to your sitemap + +After creating a [sitemap](https://www.sitemaps.org/protocol.html) + +Submit it to search engine tool: +* [Google](https://www.google.com/webmasters/tools/sitemap-list) +* [Bing](https://www.bing.com/toolbox/webmaster) +* [Yandex](https://webmaster.yandex.com/) +* [Baidu](https://zhanzhang.baidu.com/) OR Insert the following line anywhere in + your robots.txt file, specifying the path to your sitemap: +``` +Sitemap: https://example.com/sitemap_location.xml +``` + +### Hide pages from search engines + +According to Heather Champ, former community manager at Flickr, you should not +allow search engines to index your "Contact Us" or "Complaints" page if you +value your sanity. This is an HTML-centric way of achieving that. + +```html + +``` + +**_WARNING:_** DO NOT INCLUDE ON PAGES THAT SHOULD APPEAR IN SEARCH ENGINES. + +### Firefox and IE Search Plugins + +Sites with in-site search functionality should be strongly considered for a +browser search plugin. A "search plugin" is an XML file which defines how your +plugin behaves in the browser. [How to make a browser search +plugin](https://www.google.com/search?ie=UTF-8&q=how+to+make+browser+search+plugin). + +```html + +``` + + +## Miscellaneous + +* Use + [polyfills](https://github.com/Modernizr/Modernizr/wiki/HTML5-Cross-browser-Polyfills). + +* Use [Microformats](http://microformats.org/wiki/Main_Page) (via + [microdata](http://microformats.org/wiki/microdata)) for optimum search + results + [visibility](https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2009/05/introducing-rich-snippets.html). + +* If you want to disable the translation prompt in Chrome or block Google + Translate from translating your web page, use [``](https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/79812). + To disable translation for a particular section of the web page, add + [`class="notranslate"`](https://support.google.com/translate/?hl=en#2641276). + +* If you want to disable the automatic detection and formatting of possible + phone numbers in Safari on iOS, use [``](https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/AppleApplications/Reference/SafariHTMLRef/Articles/MetaTags.html). + +* Avoid development/stage websites "leaking" into SERPs (search engine results + page) by [implementing X-Robots-tag + headers](https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate/issues/804). + + +## News Feeds + +### RSS + +Have an RSS feed? Link to it here. Want to [learn how to write an RSS feed from +scratch](https://www.rssboard.org/rss-specification)? + +```html + +``` + +### Atom + +Atom is similar to RSS, and you might prefer to use it instead of or in addition +to it. [See what Atom's all +about](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom_(Web_standard)). + +```html + +``` + +### Pingbacks + +Your server may be notified when another site links to yours. The href attribute +should contain the location of your pingback service. + +```html + +``` + +* High-level explanation: + https://codex.wordpress.org/Introduction_to_Blogging#Pingbacks +* Step-by-step example case: + https://www.hixie.ch/specs/pingback/pingback-1.0#TOC5 +* PHP pingback service: + https://web.archive.org/web/20131211032834/http://blog.perplexedlabs.com/2009/07/15/xmlrpc-pingbacks-using-php/ + + + +## Social Networks + +### Facebook Open Graph data + +You can control the information that Facebook and others display when users +share your site. Below are just the most basic data points you might need. For +specific content types (including "website"), see [Facebook's built-in Open +Graph content +templates](https://developers.facebook.com/docs/sharing/opengraph/using-objects). +Take full advantage of Facebook's support for complex data and activity by +following the [Open Graph +tutorial](https://developers.facebook.com/docs/sharing/webmasters/getting-started). + +For a reference of Open Graph's markup and properties, you may check [Facebook's +Open Graph Protocol reference](https://ogp.me). Finally, you can validate your +markup with the [Facebook Object +Debugger](https://developers.facebook.com/tools/debug/) (needs registration to +Facebook). + +```html + + + + + + + + +``` + +### Twitter Cards + +Twitter provides a snippet specification that serves a similar purpose to Open +Graph. In fact, Twitter will use Open Graph when Cards is not available. You can +read more about the various snippet formats in the +[official Twitter Cards +documentation](https://developer.twitter.com/en/docs/tweets/optimize-with-cards/overview/abouts-cards), +and you can validate your markup with the [Card +validator](https://cards-dev.twitter.com/validator) (needs registration to +Twitter). + +```html + + + + + + + +``` + +### Schema.org + +Google also provides a snippet specification that serves a similar purpose to +Facebook's Open Graph or Twitter Cards. This metadata is a subset of +[schema.org's microdata vocabulary](https://schema.org/), which covers many +other schemas that can describe the content of your pages to search engines. For +this reason, this metadata is more generic for SEO, notably for Google's +search-engine, although this vocabulary is also used by Microsoft, Pinterest and +Yandex. + +You can validate your markup with the [Structured Data Testing +Tool](https://search.google.com/structured-data/testing-tool). Also, please +note that this markup requires to add attributes to your top `html` tag. + +```html + + + + + + + + +``` + +## URLs + +### Canonical URL + +Signal to search engines and others "Use this URL for this page!" Useful when +parameters after a `#` or `?` is used to control the display state of a page. +`https://www.example.com/cart.html?shopping-cart-open=true` can be indexed as +the cleaner, more accurate `https://www.example.com/cart.html`. + +```html + +``` + +### Separate mobile URLs + +If you use separate URLs for desktop and mobile users, you should consider +helping search engine algorithms better understand the configuration on your web +site. + +This can be done by adding the following annotations in your HTML pages: + +* on the desktop page, add the `link rel="alternate"` tag pointing to the + corresponding mobile URL, e.g.: + + `` + +* on the mobile page, add the `link rel="canonical"` tag pointing to the + corresponding desktop URL, e.g.: + + `` + +For more information please see: + +* https://developers.google.com/search/mobile-sites/mobile-seo/separate-urls + + +## Web Apps + +There are a couple of meta tags that provide information about a web app when +added to the Home Screen on iOS: + +* Adding `apple-mobile-web-app-capable` will make your web app chrome-less and + provide the default iOS app view. You can control the color scheme of the + default view by adding `apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style`. + +```html + + +``` + +* You can use `apple-mobile-web-app-title` to add a specific sites name for the + Home Screen icon. + +```html + +``` + +For further information please read the [official +documentation](https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/AppleApplications/Reference/SafariHTMLRef/Articles/MetaTags.html) +on Apple's site. + + +### Apple Touch Icons + +Apple touch icons are used as icons when a user adds your webapp to the home +screen of an iOS devices. + +Though the dimensions of the icon can vary between iOS devices and versions one +`180×180px` touch icon named `icon.png` and including the following in the +`` of the page is enough: + +```html + +``` + +For a more comprehensive overview, please refer to Mathias' [article on Touch +Icons](https://mathiasbynens.be/notes/touch-icons). + + +### Apple Touch Startup Image + +Apart from that it is possible to add start-up screens for web apps on iOS. This +basically works by defining `apple-touch-startup-image` with an according link +to the image. Since iOS devices have different screen resolutions it maybe +necessary to add media queries to detect which image to load. Here is an example +for an iPhone: + +```html + +``` + + +### Chrome Mobile web apps + +Chrome Mobile has a specific meta tag for making apps [installable to the +homescreen](https://developer.chrome.com/multidevice/android/installtohomescreen) +which tries to be a more generic replacement to Apple's proprietary meta tag: + +```html + +``` + +Same applies to the touch icons: + +```html + +``` + +### Theme Color + +You can add the [`theme-color` meta +extension](https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/semantics.html#meta-theme-color) +in the `` of your pages to suggest the color that browsers and OSes should +use if they customize the display of individual pages in their UIs with varying +colors. + +```html + +``` + +The `content` attribute extension can take any valid CSS color. + +Currently, the `theme-color` meta extension is supported by [Chrome 39+ for +Android +Lollipop](https://developers.google.com/web/updates/2014/11/Support-for-theme-color-in-Chrome-39-for-Android). + + +## security.txt + +When security risks in web services are discovered by users they often lack the +channels to disclose them properly. As a result, security issues may be left +unreported. + +Security.txt defines a standard to help organizations define the process for +users to disclose security vulnerabilities securely. Include a text file on your +server at `.well-known/security.txt` with the relevant contact details. + +Check [https://securitytxt.org/](https://securitytxt.org/) for more details. diff --git a/doc/faq.md b/doc/faq.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5a85e7d --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/faq.md @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +[HTML5 Boilerplate homepage](https://html5boilerplate.com/) | [Documentation +table of contents](TOC.md) + +# Frequently asked questions + +* [Why is the Google Analytics code at the bottom? Google recommends it be + placed in the + ``.](#why-is-the-google-analytics-code-at-the-bottom-google-recommends-it-be-placed-in-the-head) +* [Do I need to upgrade my site each time a new version of HTML5 Boilerplate is + released?](#do-i-need-to-upgrade-my-site-each-time-a-new-version-of-html5-boilerplate-is-released) +* [Where can I get help with support + questions?](#where-can-i-get-help-with-support-questions) + +--- + +## Why is the Google Analytics code at the bottom? Google recommends it be placed in the ``. + +The main advantage of placing it in the `` is that you will track the +user's `pageview` even if they leave the page before it has been fully loaded. + +Here's a handy quote from [Mathias +Bynens](https://mathiasbynens.be/notes/async-analytics-snippet#comment-50) about +our placement choice. +>I should point out that it’s Google — not me — recommending to place this +script before all other scripts in the document. The only real advantage is to +catch a pageView call if your page fails to load completely (for example, if the +user aborts loading, or quickly closes the page, etc.). Personally, I wouldn’t +count that as a page view, so I actually prefer to place this script at the +bottom, after all other scripts. This keeps all the scripts together and +reinforces that scripts at the bottom are the right move. (Usually I concatenate +and minify all my scripts into one .js file — the GA snippet being the suffix.) + +## Do I need to upgrade my site each time a new version of HTML5 Boilerplate is released? + +No, just as you don't normally replace the foundation of a house once it was +built. However, there is nothing stopping you from trying to work in the latest +changes, but you'll have to assess the costs/benefits of doing so. + +## Where can I get help with support questions? + +Please ask for help on +[StackOverflow](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/html5boilerplate). diff --git a/doc/html.md b/doc/html.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7c9158d --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/html.md @@ -0,0 +1,253 @@ +[HTML5 Boilerplate homepage](https://html5boilerplate.com/) | [Documentation +table of contents](TOC.md) + +# The HTML + +By default, HTML5 Boilerplate provides two `html` pages: + +* [`index.html`](#indexhtml) - a default HTML skeleton that should form the + basis of all pages on your website +* `404.html` - a placeholder 404 error page + +## `index.html` + +### The `no-js` Class + +The `no-js` class is provided in order to allow you to more easily and +explicitly add custom styles based on whether JavaScript is disabled (`.no-js`) +or enabled (`.js`). Using this technique also helps [avoid the +FOUC](https://www.paulirish.com/2009/avoiding-the-fouc-v3/). + +### Language Attribute + +Please consider specifying the language of your content by adding a +[value](https://www.iana.org/assignments/language-subtag-registry/language-subtag-registry) +to the `lang` attribute in the `` as in this example: + +```html + +``` + +### The order of the `` and `<meta>` tags + +The charset declaration (`<meta charset="utf-8">`) must be included completely +within the [first 1024 bytes of the +document](https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/semantics.html#charset) +and should be specified as early as possible (before any content that could be +controlled by an attacker, such as a `<title>` element) in order to avoid a +potential [encoding-related security +issue](https://code.google.com/archive/p/doctype-mirror/wikis/ArticleUtf7.wiki) +in Internet Explorer + +### Meta Description + +The `description` meta tag provides a short description of the page. In some +situations this description is used as a part of the snippet shown in the search +results. + +```html +<meta name="description" content="This is a description"> +``` + +Google's [Create good meta +descriptions](https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/35624?hl=en#meta-descriptions) +documentation has useful tips on creating an effective description. + +### Mobile Viewport + +There are a few different options that you can use with the [`viewport` meta +tag](https://docs.google.com/present/view?id=dkx3qtm_22dxsrgcf4 "Viewport and +Media Queries - The Complete Idiot's Guide"). You can find out more in [the MDN +Web +Docs](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Mozilla/Mobile/Viewport_meta_tag). +HTML5 Boilerplate comes with a simple setup that strikes a good balance for +general use cases. + +```html +<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> +``` + +If you want to take advantage of edge-to-edge displays of iPhone X/XS/XR you +can do so with additional viewport parameters. [Check the WebKit +blog](https://webkit.org/blog/7929/designing-websites-for-iphone-x/) for +details. + +### Open Graph Metadata + +The [Open Graph Protocol](https://ogp.me/) allows you to define the way your +site is presented when referenced on third party sites and applications +(Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn). The protocol provides a series of meta elements +that define the details of your site. The required attributes define the title, +preview image, URL, and [type](https://ogp.me/#types) (e.g., video, music, +website, article). + +``` html +<meta property="og:title" content=""> +<meta property="og:type" content=""> +<meta property="og:url" content=""> +<meta property="og:image" content=""> +``` + +In addition to these four attributes there are many more attributes you can use +to add more richness to the description of your site. This just represents the +most basic implementation. + +To see a working example, the following is the open graph metadata for the HTML5 +Boilerplate site. In addition to the required fields we add `og:description` to +describe the site in more detail. + +``` html +<meta name="og:url" content="https://html5boilerplate.com/"> +<meta name="og:title" content="HTML5 ★ BOILERPLATE"> +<meta name="og:type" content="website"> +<meta name="og:description" content="The web’s most popular front-end template which helps you build fast, robust, and adaptable web apps or sites."> +<meta name="og:image" content="https://html5boilerplate.com/icon.png"> +``` + +### Web App Manifest + +HTML5 Boilerplate includes a simple web app manifest file. + +The web app manifest is a simple JSON file that allows you to control how your +app appears on a device's home screen, what it looks like when it launches in +that context and what happens when it is launched. This allows for much greater` +control over the UI of a saved site or web app on a mobile device. + +It's linked to from the HTML as follows: + +```html +<link rel="manifest" href="site.webmanifest"> +``` + +Our +[site.webmanifest](https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate/blob/master/src/site.webmanifest) +contains a very skeletal "app" definition, just to show the basic usage. You +should fill this file out with [more information about your site or +application](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Manifest) + +### Favicons and Touch Icon + +The shortcut icons should be put in the root directory of your site. +`favicon.ico` is automatically picked up by browsers if it's placed in the root. +HTML5 Boilerplate comes with a default set of icons (include favicon and one +Apple Touch Icon) that you can use as a baseline to create your own. + +Please refer to the more detailed description in the [Extend section](extend.md) +of these docs. + +### The Content Area + +The central part of the boilerplate template is pretty much empty. This is +intentional, in order to make the boilerplate suitable for both web page and web +app development. + +### Modernizr + +HTML5 Boilerplate uses a custom build of Modernizr. + +[Modernizr](https://modernizr.com/) is a JavaScript library which adds classes +to the `html` element based on the results of feature test and which ensures +that all browsers can make use of HTML5 elements (as it includes the HTML5 +Shiv). This allows you to target parts of your CSS and JavaScript based on the +features supported by a browser. + +Starting with version 3 Modernizr can be customized using the +[modernizr-config.json](https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate/blob/master/modernizr-config.json) +and the [Modernizr command line +utility](https://www.npmjs.com/package/modernizr-cli). + +### What About Polyfills? + +If you need to include +[polyfills](https://remysharp.com/2010/10/08/what-is-a-polyfill) in your +project, you must make sure those load before any other JavaScript. If you're +using a polyfill CDN service, like [polyfill.io](https://polyfill.io/v3/), just put +it before the other scripts in the bottom of the page: + +```html + <script src="js/vendor/modernizr-3.10.0.min.js"></script> + <script src="https://polyfill.io/v3/polyfill.min.js"></script> + <script src="js/plugins.js"></script> + <script src="js/main.js"></script> +</body> +``` + +If you like to just include the polyfills yourself, you could include them in +`js/plugins.js`. When you have a bunch of polyfills to load in, you could also +create a `polyfills.js` file in the `js/vendor` directory or include the files +individually and combine them using a build tool. Always ensure that the +polyfills are all loaded before any other JavaScript. + +There are some misconceptions about Modernizr and polyfills. It's important to +understand that Modernizr just handles feature checking, not polyfilling itself. +The only thing Modernizr does regarding polyfills is that the team maintains [a +huge list of cross Browser +polyfills](https://github.com/Modernizr/Modernizr/wiki/HTML5-Cross-Browser-Polyfills). + +### jQuery + +As of v8.0.0 we no longer include jQuery by default. Web development has +changed a lot since we started this project and while many millions of sites +still use jQuery there are many sites and applications that don't. 10 years ago +jQuery _was_ JavaScript for most developers. That's not the case any more so +we've made the decision to remove jQuery from the project. + +If you're interested in including it, you can easily install jQuery using the +following command: + +``` +npm install jQuery +``` + +You can then copy the minified file into the `vendor` folder and add jQuery +to the `index.html` manually. + +To load jQuery from a CDN with a local fallback you can use the following: + +``` html +<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.5.1.min.js" integrity="sha256-9/aliU8dGd2tb6OSsuzixeV4y/faTqgFtohetphbbj0=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> +<script>window.jQuery || document.write('<script src="js/vendor/jquery-3.5.1.min.js"><\/script>')</script> +``` + +### Google Universal Analytics Tracking Code + +Finally, an optimized version of the Google Universal Analytics tracking code is +included. + +We use `analytics.js` rather than the newer `gtag.js` as [it's faster and +supports tasks and +plugins](https://github.com/philipwalton/analyticsjs-boilerplate/issues/19#issuecomment-333714370) + +Starting with version 8.0.0 we, by default, [anonymize IP +addresses](https://support.google.com/analytics/answer/2763052). By +default Google Analytics records the full IP address of a user visiting the +site, but that full IP address is never available to the Google Analytics +property admin. By anonymizing the IP address you can make your site more +GDPR-compliant as a full IP address can be defined as PII (personally +identifiable information.) + +The beacon transport mechanism is used to send all hits [which saves HTTP +requests and improves +performance](https://philipwalton.com/articles/the-google-analytics-setup-i-use-on-every-site-i-build/#loading-analytics.js). + +Google recommends that this script be placed at the top of the page. Factors to +consider: if you place this script at the top of the page, you’ll be able to +count users who don’t fully load the page, and you’ll incur the max number of +simultaneous connections of the browser. + +Please be aware that while Google [states that it is fully GDPR compliant](https://privacy.google.com/businesses/compliance/), +it is still possible to use analytics to violate GDPR. + +Further information: + +* [Introduction to + Analytics.js](https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/) +* [Google Analytics Demos & Tools](https://ga-dev-tools.appspot.com/) +* [Privacy Controls in Google Analytics](https://support.google.com/analytics/answer/9019185) + +**N.B.** The Google Analytics snippet is included by default mainly because +Google Analytics is [currently one of the most popular tracking +solutions](https://trends.builtwith.com/analytics/Google-Analytics) out there. +However, its usage isn't set in stone, and you SHOULD consider exploring the +[alternatives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_web_analytics_software) and +use whatever suits your needs best. diff --git a/doc/js.md b/doc/js.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4d3e553 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/js.md @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +[HTML5 Boilerplate homepage](https://html5boilerplate.com/) | [Documentation +table of contents](TOC.md) + +# The JavaScript + +Information about the default JavaScript included in the project. + +## main.js + +This file can be used to contain or reference your site/app JavaScript code. If +you're working on something more advanced you might replace this file entirely. +That's cool. + +## plugins.js + +This file can be used to contain all your plugins, such as jQuery plugins and +other 3rd party scripts for a simple site. + +One approach is to put jQuery plugins inside of a `(function($){ ...})(jQuery);` +closure to make sure they're in the jQuery namespace safety blanket. Read more +about [jQuery plugin authoring](https://learn.jquery.com/plugins/). + +By default the `plugins.js` file contains a small script to avoid `console` +errors in browsers that lack a `console`. The script will make sure that, if a +console method isn't available, that method will have the value of empty +function, thus, preventing the browser from throwing an error. + +## vendor + +This directory can be used to contain all 3rd party library code. + +Our custom build of the Modernizr library is included by +default. You may wish to create your own [custom Modernizr build with the online +builder](https://modernizr.com/download/) or [command line +tool](https://modernizr.com/docs#command-line-config). diff --git a/doc/misc.md b/doc/misc.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..00c98ba --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/misc.md @@ -0,0 +1,203 @@ +[HTML5 Boilerplate homepage](https://html5boilerplate.com/) | [Documentation +table of contents](TOC.md) + +# Miscellaneous + +* [.gitignore](#gitignore) +* [.editorconfig](#editorconfig) +* [Server Configuration](#server-configuration) +* [robots.txt](#robotstxt) +* [humans.txt](#humanstxt) +* [browserconfig.xml](#browserconfigxml) +* [package.json](#packagejson) + +-- + +## .gitignore + +HTML5 Boilerplate includes a basic project-level `.gitignore`. This should +primarily be used to avoid certain project-level files and directories from +being kept under source control. Different development-environments will +benefit from different collections of ignores. + +OS-specific and editor-specific files should be ignored using a "global +ignore" that applies to all repositories on your system. + +For example, add the following to your `~/.gitconfig`, where the `.gitignore` +in your HOME directory contains the files and directories you'd like to +globally ignore: + +```gitignore +[core] + excludesfile = ~/.gitignore +``` + +* More on global ignores: [https://help.github.com/articles/ignoring-files/](https://help.github.com/en/github/using-git/ignoring-files) +* Comprehensive set of ignores on GitHub: https://github.com/github/gitignore + +## .editorconfig + +The `.editorconfig` file is provided in order to encourage and help you and +your team define and maintain consistent coding styles between different +editors and IDEs. + +By default, `.editorconfig` includes some basic +[properties](https://editorconfig.org/#supported-properties) that reflect the +coding styles from the files provided by default, but you can easily change +them to better suit your needs. + +In order for your editor/IDE to apply the +[properties](https://editorconfig.org/#supported-properties) from the +`.editorconfig` file, you may need to [install a +plugin]( https://editorconfig.org/#download). + +__N.B.__ If you aren't using the server configurations provided by HTML5 +Boilerplate, we highly encourage you to configure your server to block +access to `.editorconfig` files, as they can disclose sensitive information! + +For more details, please refer to the [EditorConfig +project](https://editorconfig.org/). + +## Server Configuration + +H5BP includes a [`.htaccess`](#htaccess) file for the [Apache HTTP +server](https://httpd.apache.org/docs/). If you are not using Apache +as your web server, then you are encouraged to download a +[server configuration](https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs) that +corresponds to your web server and environment. + +A `.htaccess` (hypertext access) file is an [Apache HTTP server +configuration file](https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs-apache). +The `.htaccess` file is mostly used for: + +* Rewriting URLs +* Controlling cache +* Authentication +* Server-side includes +* Redirects +* Gzipping + +If you have access to the main server configuration file (usually called +`httpd.conf`), you should add the logic from the `.htaccess` file in, for +example, a `<Directory>` section in the main configuration file. This is usually +the recommended way, as using .htaccess files slows down Apache! + +To enable Apache modules locally, please see [the Apache modules documentation](https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs-apache#enable-apache-httpd-modules) + +In the repo the `.htaccess` is used for: + +* Allowing cross-origin access to web fonts +* CORS header for images when browsers request it +* Enable `404.html` as 404 error document +* Making the website experience better for IE users better +* Media UTF-8 as character encoding for `text/html` and `text/plain` +* Enabling the rewrite URLs engine +* Forcing or removing the `www.` at the begin of a URL +* It blocks access to directories without a default document +* It blocks access to files that can expose sensitive information. +* It reduces MIME type security risks +* It forces compressing (gzipping) +* It tells the browser whether they should request a specific file from the + server or whether they should grab it from the browser's cache + +When using `.htaccess` we recommend reading all inline comments (the rules after +a `#`) in the file once. There is a bunch of optional stuff in it. + +If you want to know more about the `.htaccess` file check out the +[Apache HTTP server docs](https://httpd.apache.org/docs/) or more +specifically the [htaccess +section](https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/howto/htaccess.html). + +Notice that the original repo for the `.htaccess` file is [this +one](https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs-apache). + +## robots.txt + +The `robots.txt` file is used to give instructions to web robots on what can +be crawled from the website. + +By default, the file provided by this project includes the next two lines: + +* `User-agent: *` - the following rules apply to all web robots +* `Disallow:` - everything on the website is allowed to be crawled + +If you want to disallow certain pages you will need to specify the path in a +`Disallow` directive (e.g.: `Disallow: /path`) or, if you want to disallow +crawling of all content, use `Disallow: /`. + +The `/robots.txt` file is not intended for access control, so don't try to +use it as such. Think of it as a "No Entry" sign, rather than a locked door. +URLs disallowed by the `robots.txt` file might still be indexed without being +crawled, and the content from within the `robots.txt` file can be viewed by +anyone, potentially disclosing the location of your private content! So, if +you want to block access to private content, use proper authentication instead. + +For more information about `robots.txt`, please see: + +* [robotstxt.org](https://www.robotstxt.org/) +* [How Google handles the `robots.txt` file](https://developers.google.com/search/reference/robots_txt) + +## humans.txt + +The `humans.txt` file is used to provide information about people involved with +the website. + +The provided file contains three sections: + +* `TEAM` - this is intended to list the group of people responsible for the website +* `THANKS` - this is intended to list the group of people that have contributed + to the website +* `TECHNOLOGY COLOPHON` - the section lists technologies used to make the website + +For more information about `humans.txt`, please see: http://humanstxt.org/ + +## browserconfig.xml + +The `browserconfig.xml` file is used to customize the tile displayed when users +pin your site to the Windows 8.1 start screen. In there you can define custom +tile colors, custom images or even [live tiles](https://docs.microsoft.com/previous-versions/windows/internet-explorer/ie-developer/samples/dn455106(v=vs.85)). + +By default, the file points to 2 placeholder tile images: + +* `tile.png` (558x558px): used for `Small`, `Medium` and `Large` tiles. + This image resizes automatically when necessary. +* `tile-wide.png` (558x270px): user for `Wide` tiles. + +Notice that IE11 uses the same images when adding a site to the `favorites`. + +For more in-depth information about the `browserconfig.xml` file, please +see [MSDN](https://docs.microsoft.com/previous-versions/windows/internet-explorer/ie-developer/platform-apis/dn320426(v=vs.85)). + +## package.json + +`package.json` is used to define attributes of your site or application for +use in modern JavaScript development. [The full documentation is available](https://docs.npmjs.com/files/package.json) +if you're interested. The fields we provide are as follows: + +* `title` - the title of your project. If you expect to publish your application + to npm, then the name needs to follow [certain guidelines](https://docs.npmjs.com/files/package.json#name) + and be unique. +* `version` - indicates the version of your site application using semantic + versioning ([semver](https://docs.npmjs.com/misc/semver)) +* `description` - describes your site. +* `scripts` - is a JavaScript object containing commands that can be run in a + node environment. There are many [built-in keys](https://docs.npmjs.com/misc/scripts) + related to the package lifecycle that node understands automatically. You can + also define custom scripts for use with your application development. We + provide three custom scripts that work with Parcel to get you up and running + quickly with a bundler for your assets and a simple development server. + + * `start` builds your site and starts a server + * `build` builds your `index.html` using Parcel + * `dev` serves your `index.html` with a simple development server + +* `keywords` - an array of keywords used to discover your app in the npm + registry +* `author` - defines the author of a package. There is also an alternative + [contributors](https://docs.npmjs.com/files/package.json#people-fields-author-contributors) + field if there's more than one author. +* `license` - the license for your application. Must conform to + [specific rules](https://docs.npmjs.com/files/package.json#license) +* `devDependencies` - development dependencies for your package. In our case + it's a single dependency, Parcel, which we use to bundle files and run a + simple web server. diff --git a/doc/usage.md b/doc/usage.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1469a93 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/usage.md @@ -0,0 +1,136 @@ +[HTML5 Boilerplate homepage](https://html5boilerplate.com/) | [Documentation +table of contents](TOC.md) + +# Usage + +The most basic usage of HTML5 Boilerplate is to create a static site or simple +app. Once you've downloaded or cloned the project, that process looks something +like this: + +1. Set up the basic structure of the site. +2. Add some content, style, and functionality. +3. Run your site locally to see how it looks. +4. Deploy your site. + +Cool, right? _It is_. That said, the smart defaults, baseline elements, default +attribute values and various other utilities that HTML5 Boilerplate offers can +serve as the foundation for whatever you're interested in building. + +Even the basic use-case of a simple static site can be enhanced by manipulating +the code through an automated build process. Moving up in complexity HTML5 +Boilerplate can be integrated with whatever front-end framework, CMS or +e-commerce platform you're working with. Mix-and-match to your heart's content. +Use what you need (toss it in a blender if you need to) and discard the rest. +HTML5 Boilerplate is a starting point, not a destination. + +## Basic structure + +A basic HTML5 Boilerplate site initially looks something like this: + +``` +. +├── css +│ ├── main.css +│ └── normalize.css +├── doc +├── img +├── js +│ ├── main.js +│ ├── plugins.js +│ └── vendor +│ └── modernizr.min.js +├── .editorconfig +├── .htaccess +├── 404.html +├── browserconfig.xml +├── favicon.ico +├── humans.txt +├── icon.png +├── index.html +├── package.json +├── robots.txt +├── site.webmanifest +├── tile.png +└── tile-wide.png +``` + +What follows is a general overview of each major part and how to use them. + +### css + +This directory should contain all your project's CSS files. It includes some +initial CSS to help get you started from a solid foundation. [About the +CSS](css.md). + +### doc + +This directory contains all the HTML5 Boilerplate documentation. You can use it +as the location and basis for your own project's documentation. + +### js + +This directory should contain all your project's JS files. Libraries, plugins, +and custom code can all be included here. It includes some initial JS to help +get you started. [About the JavaScript](js.md). + +### .htaccess + +The default web server configs are for Apache. For more information, please +refer to the [Apache Server Configs +repository](https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs-apache). + +Host your site on a server other than Apache? You're likely to find the +corresponding server configs project listed in our [Server +Configs](https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs/blob/master/README.md) +repository. + +### 404.html + +A helpful custom 404 to get you started. + +### browserconfig.xml + +This file contains all settings regarding custom tiles for IE11 and Edge. + +For more info on this topic, please refer to [Microsoft's +Docs](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/internet-explorer/ie-developer/platform-apis/dn320426(v=vs.85)). + +### .editorconfig + +The `.editorconfig` file is provided in order to encourage and help you and your +team to maintain consistent coding styles between different editors and IDEs. +[Read more about the `.editorconfig` file](misc.md#editorconfig). + +### index.html + +This is the default HTML skeleton that should form the basis of all pages on +your site. If you are using a server-side templating framework, then you will +need to integrate this starting HTML with your setup. + +Make sure that you update the URLs for the referenced CSS and JavaScript if you +modify the directory structure at all. + +If you are using Google Universal Analytics, make sure that you edit the +corresponding snippet at the bottom to include your analytics ID. + +### humans.txt + +Edit this file to include the team that worked on your site/app, and the +technology powering it. + +### package.json + +Edit this file to describe your application, add dependencies, scripts and +other properties related to node based development and the npm registry + +### robots.txt + +Edit this file to include any pages you need hidden from search engines. + +### Icons + +Replace the default `favicon.ico`, `tile.png`, `tile-wide.png` and Apple Touch +Icon with your own. + +If you want to use different Apple Touch Icons for different resolutions please +refer to the [according documentation](extend.md#apple-touch-icons). diff --git a/docs/Is OpenSource Right for You - ascher.pdf b/docs/Is OpenSource Right for You - ascher.pdf deleted file mode 100644 index 4f3a34d..0000000 Binary files a/docs/Is OpenSource Right for You - ascher.pdf and /dev/null differ diff --git a/favicon.ico b/favicon.ico new file mode 100644 index 0000000..be74abd Binary files /dev/null and b/favicon.ico differ diff --git a/humans.txt b/humans.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8d2330f --- /dev/null +++ b/humans.txt @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# humanstxt.org/ +# The humans responsible & technology colophon + +# TEAM + + <name> -- <role> -- <twitter> + +# THANKS + + <name> + +# TECHNOLOGY COLOPHON + + CSS3, HTML5 + Apache Server Configs, jQuery, Modernizr, Normalize.css diff --git a/icon.png b/icon.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8a42581 Binary files /dev/null and b/icon.png differ diff --git a/img/.gitignore b/img/.gitignore new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e69de29 diff --git a/res/icons/icons8-adobe-creative-cloud-96.png b/img/icons/icons8-adobe-creative-cloud-96.png similarity index 100% rename from res/icons/icons8-adobe-creative-cloud-96.png rename to img/icons/icons8-adobe-creative-cloud-96.png diff --git a/res/icons/icons8-google-drive-96.png b/img/icons/icons8-google-drive-96.png similarity index 100% rename from res/icons/icons8-google-drive-96.png rename to img/icons/icons8-google-drive-96.png diff --git a/res/icons/icons8-google-forms-96.png b/img/icons/icons8-google-forms-96.png similarity index 100% rename from res/icons/icons8-google-forms-96.png rename to img/icons/icons8-google-forms-96.png diff --git a/res/icons/icons8-ios-logo-96.png b/img/icons/icons8-ios-logo-96.png similarity index 100% rename from res/icons/icons8-ios-logo-96.png rename to img/icons/icons8-ios-logo-96.png diff --git a/res/icons/icons8-mac-os-100.png b/img/icons/icons8-mac-os-100.png similarity index 100% rename from res/icons/icons8-mac-os-100.png rename to img/icons/icons8-mac-os-100.png diff --git a/res/icons/icons8-ms-word-48.png b/img/icons/icons8-ms-word-48.png similarity index 100% rename from res/icons/icons8-ms-word-48.png rename to img/icons/icons8-ms-word-48.png diff --git a/res/icons/icons8-netflix-100.png b/img/icons/icons8-netflix-100.png similarity index 100% rename from res/icons/icons8-netflix-100.png rename to img/icons/icons8-netflix-100.png diff --git a/res/icons/icons8-office-365-96.png b/img/icons/icons8-office-365-96.png similarity index 100% rename from res/icons/icons8-office-365-96.png rename to img/icons/icons8-office-365-96.png diff --git a/res/icons/icons8-spotify-96.png b/img/icons/icons8-spotify-96.png similarity index 100% rename from res/icons/icons8-spotify-96.png rename to img/icons/icons8-spotify-96.png diff --git a/res/icons/icons8-up-arrow-64.png b/img/icons/icons8-up-arrow-64.png similarity index 100% rename from res/icons/icons8-up-arrow-64.png rename to img/icons/icons8-up-arrow-64.png diff --git a/res/logo/favicon.ico b/img/logo/favicon.ico similarity index 100% rename from res/logo/favicon.ico rename to img/logo/favicon.ico diff --git a/res/logo/open-source-logo- old.jpg b/img/logo/open-source-logo- old.jpg similarity index 100% rename from res/logo/open-source-logo- old.jpg rename to img/logo/open-source-logo- old.jpg diff --git a/res/logo/open-source-logo.jpg b/img/logo/open-source-logo.jpg similarity index 100% rename from res/logo/open-source-logo.jpg rename to img/logo/open-source-logo.jpg diff --git a/res/tabelle_FOSS_vgl.png b/img/tabelle_FOSS_vgl.png similarity index 100% rename from res/tabelle_FOSS_vgl.png rename to img/tabelle_FOSS_vgl.png diff --git a/index.html b/index.html index df40e74..f576856 100644 --- a/index.html +++ b/index.html @@ -1,1514 +1,1073 @@ -<!DOCTYPE html> -<html lang="de"> +<!doctype html> +<html class="no-js" lang="de"> <head> - <meta charset="UTF-8"> - <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> - <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> - <title>Open Source - - - - - - - - - - - + + Open Source + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + -
- -
- -
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Warum entscheidest Du dich jeden Tag gegen Open Source?

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Wenn Du Dir nur 15 Minuten Zeit nimmst, kannst Du diese Frage im Anschluss sicherlich beantworten. -

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+ -
- +
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Ein neues Program, eine andere App.
Mal eben eine Datei abspeichern. -
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In jeder dieser Momente triffst du eine Entscheidung.
Häufig gegen OpenSource.

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Doch was unterscheidet eigentlich Open Source?
Und welche Folgen hat diese Entscheidung?

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Was bietet eigentlich Software?

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Open Source

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Frei zugänglich

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Freie Software ist für jeden Menschen zugänglich und einsehbar. -
Jeder kann sie verifizieren, erweitern und verbreiten. Unabhängig von seiner - Herkunft oder finanzieller Lage -

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Nachhaltigkeit
&
Vielfalt

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Open Source schafft offenes Wissen. Eine Basis auf der zukünftige Projekte aufbauen - können. - Das Rad muss nicht neu Erfunden werden, denn einmal geschaffene Lösungen für Probleme - können auch an anderer Stelle beitragen. -
Diese Freiheit fördert Vielfalt -

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Sicherheit
&
Transparenz

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Freie Software schafft Tranzparenz, denn sie kann von unabhängigen Stellen verifiziert - werden. - Backdoors, unerwünschte Datenweitergabe oder Zensur können durch Code-Reviews gefunden - werden.

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Community Driven

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- Jeder Mensch kann aktiv die Entwicklung eines Projektes mitgestalten. - Es entsteht ein offenes Forum für Ideen, Austausch und Disskusion, in der die Community - über den Fortgang der Software entscheidet.

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+ + +
+
+
+
+

Warum entscheidest Du Dich jeden Tag gegen Open Source?

+
Wenn Du Dir nur 15 Minuten Zeit nimmst, kannst Du diese Frage im Anschluss sicherlich + beantworten. +
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

Ein neues Program, eine andere App.
+ Mal eben eine Datei abspeichern.

+

In jeder dieser Momente triffst du eine Entscheidung.
+ Häufig gegen OpenSource.

+

Doch was unterscheidet eigentlich Open Source?
+ Und welche Folgen hat diese Entscheidung?

+
+
+
+
+
+
+

Was wird denn eigentlich nun wo eingesetzt?

+
+
+

Open Source

+
+
+
+

Frei zugänglich

+
+
+

Freie Software ist für jeden Menschen zugänglich und einsehbar. +
Jeder kann sie verifizieren, erweitern und verbreiten. Unabhängig von seiner + Herkunft oder finanzieller Lage +

+
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Proprietäre Software

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Wettbewerb

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Die Entwicklung eines proprietären Produkts kann einen Vorteil gegenüber der - Konkurrenz darstellen. - Dieser Vorteil lässt sich in eine Martkdominanz oder im extremen Fall in einer - Monopolstellung für einen bestimmten Bereich ausbauen.

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Qualität durch finanzielle Ressourcen

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Die in der proprietären Entwicklung angewendeten finanziellen Ressourcen können Anreize - für eine innovative und beschleunigte Entwicklung sein.

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Regulierte Nutzung

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Das Unternehmen kann die Verwendung und Verbreitung des Programms durch geschlossenen - Sourcecode oder Lizensierung aktiv einschränken und regulieren.

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Gerechte Entlohung

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Bei der proprietären Entwicklung von Software steht in der Regel die Vermarktung eines - Produkts (zb. die Software selbst) im Vordergrund. - Eine angemessene Entlohnung ist hier häufig realistischer als bei Open Source.

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Nachhaltigkeit
&
Vielfalt

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+
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Open Source schafft offenes Wissen. Eine Basis auf dem zukünftigen Projekte aufbauen + können. + Das Rad muss nicht neu erfunden werden, denn einmal geschaffene Lösungen für Probleme + können auch an anderer Stelle beitragen. +
Diese Freiheit fördert Vielfalt +

+
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"Der meiste Code, der deinen Alltag beeinflusst, ist ein Geheimnis der Unternehmen, die ihn besitzen: -
- Selbst wenn du die nötige Zeit und das nötige Wissen hättest, wäre es dir nicht erlaubt, nachzusehen, - was der Code genau tut – und ob er Schwachstellen, oder gar eine geheime Hintertür zu deinen Daten - enthält." -

-
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Quelle: felixreda.eu/2015/02/1-million-fuer-open-source-sicherheit - -

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- Falls Du Dich fragst, wie man FOSS eigentlich genau definiert -

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- FOSS (Free and OpenSource Software) beschreibt Software dessen Quellcode der Öffentlichkeit zugänglich - gemacht wurde. Sie unterliegt vier wesentlichen Freiheiten: -

-
  • Freiheit 0: Die Freiheit, das Programm auszuführen, wie man möchte, für jeden Zweck.
  • -
  • Freiheit 1: Die Freiheit, die Funktionsweise des Programms zu untersuchen und eigenen Bedürfnissen der - Datenverarbeitung anzupassen.*
  • -
  • Freiheit 2: Die Freiheit, das Programm weiterzuverbreiten und damit seinen Mitmenschen zu helfen.
  • -
  • Freiheit 3: Die Freiheit, das Programm zu verbessern und diese Verbesserungen der Öffentlichkeit - freizugeben, damit die gesamte Gemeinschaft davon profitiert.*
  • - -
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    * Der Zugang zum Quellcode ist dafür Voraussetzung. - -

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    Mehr: Freie Software. Was ist das?

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    Was wird denn eigentlich nun wo eingesetzt ?

    - - -
    - +
    +
    +
    +

    Sicherheit
    &
    Transparenz

    +
    +
    +

    Freie Software schafft Tranzparenz, denn sie kann von unabhängigen Stellen verifiziert + werden. + Backdoors, unerwünschte Datenweitergabe oder Zensur können durch Code-Reviews gefunden + werden.

    +
    -
    - -
    -
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    Aber was ist mit FOSS?

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    Findet das keine Verbreitung?

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    - Beispiele für Software im Privaten Bereich: -

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    - Firefox, VLC, Gimp, OpenOffice, Wordpress, Notepad++, LibreOffice, Linux, Signal, - Thunderbird, - OBS-Studio -

    -
    -

    Auch im privaten Bereich finden wir eine Reihe an Programmen, die uns sehr vertraut - erscheinen. - Nur häufig - sind wir uns gar nicht bewusst, dass es sich bei dem Programm, das wir nutzen, um - freie Software - handelt. - Und doch stecken in vielen Fällen private Enwickler:innen dahinter, die mit Herzblut - an den - Programmen - mitarbeiten, dafür häufig ihre Freizeit opfern und nur selten durch Spenden eine - Entlohnung - erhalten. -

    -

    Daneben gibt es auch Organisationen wie die Linux-, the - Document- oder Mozilla - Foundation die als - Stiftungen - aktiv die Entwicklung dieser Software finanzieren.

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    Eine Übersicht der OpenSource Foundations & Organisationen:
    OpenSource - Organisations

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    Beispiele für öffentliche Verwaltung:

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    Auf den ersten Blick scheinen proprietäre Produkte hier kaum wegzudenken. Ob Windows, - MSOffice, - Teams/Skype/Zoom. Die Programme werden seit langem von großen namenhaften - Herstellern - bezogen und - eingesetzt.

    - -

    Doch die Gründe für einen Umstieg auf Freie Software sind nicht nur idealistischer - Natur, - sondern finden - zunehmend auch von öffentlicher Seite Beachtung.
    - Sie umfassen eben nicht nur die teils signifikante Kosteneinsparungen, sondern - besitzen - auch ein - politisches Gewicht.
    - Häufig zusammengefasst unter dem Begriff der "Digitalen - Souverenität" Die Digitale - Souveränität beschreibt „die Fähigkeiten und Möglichkeiten von Individuen - und - Institutionen, - ihre Rolle(n) in der digitalen Welt selbständig, selbstbestimmt und - sicher ausüben zu - können“ - .

    - -

    Dabei spielt die Abhängigkeit zu einzelnen Softwareanbietern, Anpassbar- und - Erweiterbarkeit, - Interoperabilität und Sicherheit eine entscheidende Rolle. - Und so lässt sich eine Reihe an teils sehr erfolgreich umgesetzen FOSS Projekten in - der - öffentlichen - Verwaltung und sogar der Polizei - und beim Militär - beobachten.

    - -

    Als wohl bekanntestes Beispiel ist das LiMux Projekt der Stadtverwaltung München zu - nennen. - - Hier wurde ein Umstieg auf OpenOffice und eine eigens entwickelte Linux Distribution - erfolgreich - umgesetzt.
    -
    - Warum nur wurde das Projekt dann wenige Jahre später eingstellt und eine - Rückmigration - zu Windows - vorgenommen ? -

    -
    -
    - “Bitte nehmen Sie zur Kenntnis, es geht uns um die Unabhängigkeit. Wir wollen nicht - abhängig sein.”
    - Dann sagte er [Bill Gates]: “So ein Unsinn, von wem denn abhängig?”
    “Weil Sie schon - mal da sind: - Von Ihnen natürlich!”
    Das hat ihn richtig in sich zusammenfallen lassen, und er hat - gesagt:
    “Es ist - für mich unbegreiflich, das ist Ideologie.” -
    -

    Quelle: Interview - Christian Ude -

    - -

    Mehr Dazu: LiMux – - Ende eines - Vorzeigeprojekts

    - -

    Und das ist kein Einzelfall:
    Polizei - Niedersachsen kurz vor Wechsel zu Windows – aus intransparenten - „Wirtschaftlichkeitsgründen“

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    Beispiele für Schnittstellen:

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    HVV API, Signal API, PNG, CSV, XML, SVG, HTML, JSON

    - -

    Offene Schnittstellen, Protokolle und Dateiformate bilden die Basis für Kommunikation - über Programm- und - Dienstgrenzen hinweg.
    - Alle Teilnehmenden müssen verstehen können, wie sie miteinander sprechen dürfen. - Sonst - wird sich keiner - verstehen.
    - Offene Protokolle sind damit eine Grundvorrausetzung für ein Internet wie wir - es - heute kennen. -

    - -

    Auch erst die Offenlegung von Dateiformaten ermöglicht es uns Tabellen (CSV), Bilder - (PNG), oder Websites - (HTML) geräte- und herstellerunabhängig zu speichern, auszutauschen und zu - verwenden. -

    - -

    Offene APIs - schaffen die - Möglichkeit, - Informationen zwischen Diensten auszutauschen und diese in andere Anwendungen zu - integrieren.
    - Ein Beispiel ist die HVV - API und die darauf basierende LiveMap

    - -
    -

    Und warum die Offenlegung und Standardisierung noch lange keine freie und
    unabhängige - Kommunikation bedeutet, erfährst du hier:
    - How the Internet’s new - transport protocol (QUIC) will change digital and human rights -

    - - -

    Mehr zu OpenData-Formaten:
    OpenData Formate - - OpenAll

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    +
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    Community Driven

    +
    +
    +

    + Jeder Mensch kann aktiv die Entwicklung eines Projektes mitgestalten. + Es entsteht ein offenes Forum für Ideen, Austausch und Diskussion, in der die Community + über den Fortgang der Software entscheidet.

    +
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    Apache, PostGres, MySQL, NextCloud, OwnCloud, Kubernetes, Docker, Wordpress, OpenSSL, - letsencrypt

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    Wie sieht es nun mit der Infrastruktur aus?

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    "Open Source ist unvermeidlich"

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    Natürlich haben die proprietären Anbieter auch ihre Produkte. Aber das Gesammtbild ist - ein anderes.

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    Über die - Hälfte aller Websites werden von den weltweit meißtgenutzten, freien Webservern - (Apache httpd - und Nginx) betrieben.
    - Auch für die Bereitstellung von Inhalten durch ein Content-Management-System Ein - Content-Management-System - (kurz CMS) ist eine Software, die zur Erstellung und Verwaltung von Inhalten – - in Text-, Bild-, - Video- oder sonstiger Form – verwendet wird. CMS werden vor allem zum Betreiben - von Websites, - aber - auch für „Offline-Plattformen“ (in Intranetzwerken), eingesetzt. - - ist Wordpress mit einem Marktanteil von über 64% mit Abstand - führend. -

    - -

    Ob - Server, Betriebssystem, Virtualisierungssoftware, Cloud - Computing, Continous Integration, Middleware/Application Server, Firewalls, Cloud - Software oder - Datenbanksystem.

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    Der Großteil des Internets basiert auf freien Software Komponenten!
    - -

    Und allen voran sind es freie Programmiersprachen, die mit 82% die größte Verbreitung - erhalten.

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    Und das nicht ohne Grund.

    -

    Vor allem die offenen Standards, also die Interoperabilität zu anderen Systemen, welche - einen modularen - Aufbau ermöglichen, haben zu solch einer Verbreitung geführt.
    - Gerade im Unternehmensumfeld, in dem sehr spezifische Anforderungen an die Software - gestellt werden und - Integration mit weiteren Systemen notwendig sind, wird diese Flexibilität hoch - geschätzt.
    - Aber auch die große Auswahl an Tools, das breite Angebot an Support aus der Community, - die Sicherheit - durch - schnelle Updates und die Unabhängigkeit zu großen Herstellern sind sehr wichtige Punkte. -

    - - Quelle und Mehr: Studie - Verbreitung und Einsatz von OpenSource -
    -
    -
    - - -
    -
    - - - - - - - -

    Was hört man eigentlich aus der Politik zum Thema Open Source?

    - - -

    Politisch gewinnt das Thema Open Source zunehmend interesse.

    -

    Die Bedeutung der - Unnabhängigkeit und der - Möglichkeit zur Wertschöpfung durch quelloffene Software scheint langsam anzukommen. - So meint man zumindest, wenn man sich die beschlossene Open Source Strategie der EU - ansieht.

    -

    Unter dem Titel "Offenes Denken" wird über - 16 Seiten ein Umdenken hin zu Open Source und Freier - Software beschrieben.

    - -
    -

    "Mit dieser Strategie nähert sich die Kommission weiter an die Open-Source- - Gemeinschaft an, in der sie als flexible Bearbeiterin und aktive Beteiligte - auftreten - will."

    -
    - - -
    -

    "Quelloffenheit wird als - Katalysator für Veränderungen anerkannt"

    -
    - -
    -

    Einer der wohl aus politischer Sicht wichtigsten Punkte: -

    - -
    -

    "„Open Source“ minimiert das - Risiko, in Abhängigkeit von einzelnen Anbietern zu geraten genauso wie die - Gefahr, - in politische - Querelen oder Handelsstreitigkeiten verwickelt zu werden;"

    -
    - -

    Ein paar weitere Grundsätze wurden formuliert:

    - -
    -

    "Quelloffene Lösungen werden bevorzugt, wenn sie in Bezug auf - Funktionsumfang, Gesamtkosten und Cybersicherheit gleichwertig sind"

    -

    "Wo immer dies sinnvoll ist, wird die Kommission den Quellcode ihrer künftigen - IT-Projekte auch - mit anderen teilen."

    -
    - -

    Eine spanndende Zielsetzung auch hier:

    - -
    -

    "Neben dem Teilen von Quellcode sollte die Kommission auch in Erwägung ziehen, - sich - an Open- - Source-Programmgremien und -ausschüssen zu beteiligen, systematische Methoden - für - eine gezielte - Finanzierung zu entwickeln, an der Erhöhung der Sicherheit zu arbeiten und Wege - zu - finden, damit - sich wichtige Open-Source-Projekte selbst tragen."

    -
    - - -

    Eine im ersten Moment recht überraschende Veröffentlichung, wenn man die (häufig - politisch) gescheiterten - Projekte hin zu Open Source betrachtet. - Schaut man genauer genauer hin, stellt man den sehr unverpflichtenden Ton in vielen - Formulierungen - fest.

    - -

    Denn konkret umgesetzte Anreize findet man wenig - zumindest in Deutschland.
    - In anderen Länder wie Italien oder Frankreich sieht das schon anders aus.
    - Italien: - Open Source Pflicht für öffentliche Verwaltung
    - Frankreich: - Open Source für die öffentliche Verwaltung -

    -
    -

    Der Vergleich wirkt vernichtend:

    - - - - - - - - - -

    - OpenSource Policies - vergleich. EU-Studie (CC-BY 4.0)

    -

    Heise: - Europa pennt auch bei Open Source -

    -
    -

    Nur sehr langsam scheinen politische Vorteile und Notwendigkeit von FOSS durchzusickern. -

    -

    So finden sich auch im derzeitigen - Koalitionsvertrag Textstellen wie

    - -
    -

    "Darüber hinaus sichern wir die digitale Souveränität, u. a. durch das Recht auf - Interoperabilität und - Portabilität sowie das Setzen auf offene Standards [und] Open Source. [...]
    - Entwicklungsaufträge werden in der Regel als Open Source beauftragt, die - entsprechende - Software wird - grundsätzlich öffentlich gemacht."

    -
    -

    Zur konkreten Umsetzung aber scheint es noch ein weiter Weg:
    - Deutschland: 100 Tage - Koalitionsvertrag – - Kaum - ein Tag für Freie Software -

    - -

    Der ganze Beschluss zur EU OpenSource Strategie: EU - Digital - Strategie: Offenes - Denken

    - - -

    Ein auch immer wieder auftauchender Begriff ist die "Digitale Souveränität",
    die im - Wesentlichen die - Unabhängigkeit von Herstellern und Ländern beschreibt. Auch hier liegt Open Source als - Lösung nahe.
    - Siehe: Digitale - Souveränität - Kompetenzzentrum öffentliche IT

    - -
    -
    -
    +
    +

    Proprietäre Software

    +
    +
    +
    +

    Wettbewerb

    +
    +
    +

    Die Entwicklung eines proprietären Produkts kann einen Vorteil gegenüber der + Konkurrenz darstellen. + Dieser Vorteil lässt sich in eine Marktdominanz oder im extremen Fall in einer + Monopolstellung für einen bestimmten Bereich ausbauen.

    +
    -
    - - - - - - -
    -
    -
    -

    Warum werden nicht noch mehr Open Source und offene Standards genutzt?

    -
    -
    -

    Was ist der Grund für all die eingestellte Software?

    -

    Die langsame Verbreitung und Rückmigrationen.

    -
    -
    -
    - - -
    -

    Die Verstrickung großer Unternehmen mit der Politik.

    -
    -

    Sei es die Tabakindustrie, Pharmaunternehmen oder der Automobilsektor. - Die Einflussnahme durch abgesandte Lobbyisten bemerken wir zunehmend in den - unterschiedlichsten Bereichen.

    - -

    Doch keiner dieser Bereiche unterhält so viele Interressensvertreter, steckt solche - Geldbeträge in das Lobbying, wie die IT-Brance.

    - -

    Angeführt von Google, Facebook, Microsoft, Apple und Huawei, allein die 10 Größten - Tech-Konzerne zahlen jedes Jahr 32 Million Euro für das Festigen ihrer Marktmacht. -

    - -

    Über 100 Millionen die von Anbietern Proprietärer Produkte jedes Jahr unter anderem - darin - gesteckt werden, dass selbst erfolgreiche Projekte wie LiMux rückmigriert werden, - dass politische Anreize für freie Software und Policies, die den Einsatz von offenen - Standards verpflichten würden, vermieden werden.
    - Die dazu führen, dass wir statt transparenter Vergabeverfahren nur geschwärzte - Seiten - eines per SMS abgeschlossenen Vertrages zu Gesicht bekommen.

    - - -

    Freie Software als nicht kommerziell getriebene Bewegung besitzt solch eine Form des - Lobbyings nicht.
    - Hier sind Wir es. Die Menschen, die mit offenen Augen und Bewusstsein dafür - einstehen - müssen, was sich unsere Freiheit nennt.

    - -
    - -

    Quellen:

    -

    - Neue - Studie zur Lobbymacht von Big Tech: Wie Google & Co die EU beeinflussen
    - Big Tech gibt fast 100 - Millionen Euro für Lobbyarbeit aus
    - Lobbyschlacht: - Was sich Google & Co den Kampf gegen EU-Regeln kosten lassen -

    -
    -
    -
    - - -
    - -

    Warum kaufst Du Dir neben deinem IPhone nicht einfach einen Windows Laptop ?
    - Was hält Dich davon ab, neben Photoshop mal Gimp zu nutzen ?

    - -
    -

    Angewandt wird eine Strategie, die sich Vendor-Lock-In nennt. - Lassen wir Mark Russinovich, einen leitenden Direktor von Microsoft, das selbst - erklären:

    - - -
    -

    „Die Windows-API ist so breit, so tief und so funktional, dass die meisten - unabhängigen Softwarehersteller verrückt sein müssten, um sie nicht zu benutzen. - Außerdem ist sie so tief in den Quelltext vieler Windows-Anwendungen integriert, - dass es hohe Wechselkosten gäbe, wenn man stattdessen ein anderes Betriebssystem - verwenden wollte. [...] Es sind die Wechselkosten, die den Kunden die Geduld - gaben, - bei Windows zu bleiben - trotz all unseren Fehlern, unseren fehlerhaften Treibern, unseren hohen - Gesamtbetriebskosten, unserem Mangel an einer sexy Vision hin und wieder und - vielen - anderen Schwierigkeiten […] Kunden probieren ständig andere Desktopplattformen, - aber - es würde so viel Arbeit machen, zu wechseln, dass sie hoffen, dass wir einfach - Windows verbessern, anstatt sie zu zwingen zu wechseln. - Kurzgesagt, ohne die exklusiven Franchiserechte, die sich Windows-API nennen, - wären - wir schon lange tot."

    -
    -

    Es beginnt ganz harmlos. Kostenlose Angebote der Office Suite. Studierenden Accounts - für die - Adobe Creative Cloud.
    - Wir bauen technisches Wissen auf, arbeiten uns in die Produkte hinein und erzeugen - und - speichern Dateien. Wir gewöhnen uns an die Bedienbarkeit, wollen weitere Systeme - einbinden und müssen uns nach kompatiblen Produkten umschauen. - Jeder dieser Schritte trägt uns weiter hinein in die Abhängigkeit.

    - -

    Und genau deshalb ist die Verwendung und Verbreitung von offenen Standards so - wichtig.

    - -
    -

    Mehr dazu: FSFE: Offene - Standards und Lock-In

    - -

    Und was sich hinter der Microsoft Strategie
    "Embrace, Extend and Extinguish" - verbirgt, - erfährst du hier:
    Skeptric.com: Embrace, - Extend and Extinguish
    Urban - Engine: "Embrace, Extend, Extinguish" by Microsoft

    - -

    Und noch mehr zum Lock-In Effekt allgemein und wie er entstanden ist:
    de-academic.com - - Lock-in-Effect

    - -

    Zitat Quelle (Aus dem Englischen)
    Commission - of the european communities - Decision
    -

    -
    -
    -
    - - -
    -
    -

    Community- und Projektmanagement, Planung, Design

    -

    Hinter großen Softwareprojekten wie MS-Office stehen in der Regel große - Unternehmen - mit - etablierten Organisationsstrukturen, Finanzierungsstrategien, - spezialisierten Teams und aktivem Projektmanagement.

    - -

    FOSS hingegen entspringt einer Bewegegung, die gerade diese Strukturen, - Verpflichtungen - und - Policies umgeht und auf einer Basis an Freiweilligen aufbaut. - Es ist gegenseitiges Vertrauen, Selbstorganisation und Motivation, die den Kern - dieser - Bewegung bilden.

    - -

    Und dies ist häufig der Grund für eine geringe Diversität unter den Beitragenden. Es - sind - größtenteils Entwickler:innnen die meißt durch das beitragen von Code mit - einsteigen. - Aufgaben wie z.B. Community Management, Finanzplanung, Marketing und - Design - werden nur sehr selten und häufig von völlig Fachfremden übernommen.

    - -
    -

    “We are not very good at marketing; we are problem solvers.”

    -

    “We lack a community person. The acceptance for it is missing, we need the money - to - produce code.”

    -

    “I would prefer to be just an engineer. In practice I am a community manager.” -

    -
    - -

    Nicht nur fehlen damit Ansprechpartner für mögliche Partnerunternehmen. Für viele - Kunden - entsteht Vertrauen auch erst mit einer sichtbaren Organisationsstruktur, die Dinge - wie - Maintenance, Verwaltung und Support gewährleistet.

    - -

    Für eine weitere Verbreitung von FOSS braucht es eben nicht nur technische Lösungen. - Mindestens genauso wichtig ist Vielfalt, die nicht nur Expertise, - sondern auch Bereiche wie Herkunft, sozialen Stand und Geschlecht mit beachtet.

    -
    -

    All dies und viel mehr, sehr lesenswert erarbeitet, in folgender Studie:

    -

    Roadwork - ahead - - Evaluating the needs of - FOSS communities working - on digital infrastructure in - the public interest -

    - -
    -
    -
    - - -
    -

    Digitale Souveränität, Abhängigkeit, Selbstgestaltung und das Bewusstsein darüber

    -
    -

    Die Publikationen, die sich mit FOSS beschäftigen, haben in den letzten Jahren stark - zugenommen. - In Fachkreisen schon länger bekannt, die Gründe auch freie Software als relevante - und unentbehrliche Quelle für Programme zu beachten, wird zunehmend in einer - Vielzahl an Publikationen und Studien erarbeitet. - Und so nimmt das Thema auch in politischen und wirtschaftlichen Fachkreisen langsam - Fahrt auf.

    - -

    Doch bei privaten und fachfremenden Personen fehlt das Verständnis und Bewusstsein - für diese Thematik häufig. - Nicht nur ein technisches Verständnis für die Funktionsweise und Bedeutung von z.B. - Offenen Standards fehlt, - auch die wirtschaftlichen Strategien, die uns in den Lock-In treiben, werden nur - selten durchblickt.

    - -

    Oder bist Du Dir bei jedem Druck auf den "Speichern" Button bewusst, ob deine - Arbeit gerade in einem propriertären oder freien Dateiformat gespeichert wird?

    - -
    -

    Ein paar Hintergründe:

    -

    Wie - nehmen Endanwender Open Source Software wahr?

    - -
    -
    -
    - - -
    -

    Politische Anreize für die Verwendung und Entwicklung von offenen Standards und FOSS -

    - -

    Quelloffenheit und die Verwendung offener Standards als Vorraussetzung für Software in - der öffentlichen Verwaltung.
    - Anreize in Ausschreibungen, steuerliche und rechtliche Erleichterungen sowie finanzielle - Förderungen - von FOSS Projekten.

    - -

    All das sind mögliche Stellschrauben, mit denen die Politik Einfluss auf die Verbreitung - und - Verwendung von freier Software nehmen kann.

    - -
    -

    netzpolitik.org: "Wenn Open-Source-Software derart positive Auswirkungen hat, - warum - wurde sie bislang politisch kaum gefördert?"

    - -

    Blind: "Man hat, glaube ich, sehr auf den freiwilligen Charakter von - Open-Source-Projekten gezählt. Was wir aber sehen ist, dass Projekte immer schwerer - nachhaltig Mitwirkende finden. Es gibt auch in diesem Bereich einen - Fachkräftemangel. [...] Das größte Problem der Unternehmen ist, die - Entwickler auf dem Arbeitsmarkt zu finden, die Code zu Open-Source-Repositories - beitragen können. Die Politik ist folglich hier gefragt, stärker das Thema Open - Source in der Ausbildung zukünftiger Softwareentwickler, aber auch Gründer zu - positionieren.

    -

    Auch müssen wir über öffentliche Finanzierung nachdenken. Die EU-Kommission hat in - der Vergangenheit Open-Source-Projekte gefördert, doch im aktuellen Arbeitsprogramm - von Horizon Europe gibt es bisher nicht sehr viele Ansatzpunkte zu Open Source drin. - Da gibt es sicherlich noch Spielraum.

    -

    Die Unterstützung von Open Source ist im Vergleich zu anderen Themen begrenzt. - Vielleicht auch deshalb, weil wir in Europa keine großen Player wie in den USA - haben, wo Google, Microsoft und Amazon massiv in Open-Source-Aktivitäten - investieren. In Europa sind es dagegen eher kleine und mittleren Unternehmen ohne - große Lobby, die zu Open Source beitragen."

    -
    - -

    Das Ganze Interview und mehr dazu:

    -

    - Netzpolitik - „Open Source braucht öffentliche Finanzierung“

    - -

    Eine von der Open Knowledge Foundation initiierte Initiative für ein Förderprogramm

    -

    Förderung für Offene Digitale Basistechnologien - - Sovereign Tech Fund

    - -
    -
    -
    - - -
    -
    -

    Fehlendes Personal und propriertäre Hardware

    - -

    Natürlich gibt es noch weitere Gründe, die der Verbreitung von freier und Open Source - Software im Wege stehen. - Häufig ist es schlichtweg fehlendes Personal, das über ausreichend Know-How für - einen - Umstieg und Support verfügt. Gerade in kleineren Unternehmen ist dies ein - verbreiteter - Faktor.

    - -

    Aber auch die damit verbundenen neuen rechtlichen Aspekte, die auf die Unternehmen - zukommen, scheuen viele.

    - -

    Ein weiteres großes Problem ist die proprietäre Hardware. - Während früher die Hardwarespezifikationen noch dem Produkt - beilagen, versuchen heutzutage Hersteller Informationen über den internen - Aufbau bestmöglich zu verschleiern. - Dies behindert das Entwickeln von Software für diese Hardware. Nur durch extrem - aufwendiges Reverse-Engineering lassen sich z.B. Grafikkartentreiber von nicht - kooperativen Herstellern für GNU/Linux entwickeln. -

    - - -

    Und nicht zuletzt muss die Software geschrieben, gewartet und gepflegt werden.
    - Auch wenn mittlerweile viele Unternehmen FOSS einsetzen, nur wenige tragen auch - aktiv zu - neuen Projekten bei oder rufen diese ins Leben.

    -
    -

    Quelle und weitere Gründe
    Open-Source-Monitor - Studienbericht 2021 - Bitcom

    -

    Das Problem von propriertärer Hardware
    Freie Software braucht freie - Hardware

    -
    -
    -
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +

    Qualität durch finanzielle Ressourcen

    +
    +
    +

    Die in der proprietären Entwicklung angewendeten finanziellen Ressourcen können Anreize + für eine innovative und beschleunigte Entwicklung sein.

    +
    -
    -
    -
    -
    -
    -

    „Open Source ist nicht nur eine Software sondern eine Kultur, nämlich die einer offenen - Wissensgesellschaft in der wir Wissen miteinander teilen!”

    -
    -


    Quelle: Rückblick: - Open Source als Baustein einer europäischen Innovationspolitik

    -
    - - -
    -
    -

    Und für diese Freiheit müssen wir aktiv werden!

    - -

    Schlussendlich sind wir es, die für - unsere Freiheit und Unabhängigkeit
    auch in der Digitalen Welt - einstehen müssen.

    -
    -

    FOSS wird uns nicht von allen Problemen der Welt erlösen. Aber mit ihrer - Verbreitung, gehen wir einen - weiteren wichtigen Schritt, welcher mehr Rechte, Vielfalt und Macht in die Hände unserer Gemeinschaft - zurückgibt.

    - - - - - - -
    -
    -
    -

    Initiativen

    - -

    Bedeutende Stiftungen und Initiativen in denen auch du aktiv werden kannst

    -
    -
    -
    -

    Und wenn es nicht mehr nur um Software geht?

    - -
    -

    Human Rights

    -

    Menschenrechte und unsere Freiheit

    - - - - +
    + + +
    +
    +
    +
    +
    „Der meiste Code, der deinen Alltag beeinflusst, ist ein Geheimnis der Unternehmen, die ihn + besitzen: Selbst wenn du die nötige Zeit und das nötige Wissen hättest, wäre es dir nicht erlaubt, nachzusehen, + was der Code genau tut – und ob er Schwachstellen, oder gar eine geheime Hintertür zu deinen Daten enthält.” +
    + Quelle: + https://felixreda.eu/2015/02/1-million-fuer-open-source-sicherheit +
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +

    Falls Du Dich fragst, wie man FOSS eigentlich genau definiert

    +
    +

    + FOSS (Free and OpenSource Software) beschreibt Software dessen Quellcode der Öffentlichkeit zugänglich + gemacht wurde. Sie unterliegt vier wesentlichen Freiheiten: +

    +
      +
    • Freiheit 0: Die Freiheit, das Programm auszuführen, wie man möchte, für jeden Zweck.
    • +
    • Freiheit 1: Die Freiheit, die Funktionsweise des Programms zu untersuchen und eigenen Bedürfnissen + der + Datenverarbeitung anzupassen.* +
    • +
    • Freiheit 2: Die Freiheit, das Programm weiterzuverbreiten und damit seinen Mitmenschen zu helfen. +
    • +
    • Freiheit 3: Die Freiheit, das Programm zu verbessern und diese Verbesserungen der Öffentlichkeit + freizugeben, damit die gesamte Gemeinschaft davon profitiert.* +
    • +
    +
    + * Der Zugang zum Quellcode ist dafür Voraussetzung.
    - +
    +
    +
    +
    +

    Was wird denn eigentlich nun wo eingesetzt?

    + -
    -

    Freies Wissen

    -

    Wissensgesellschaft

    - +

    Siehe + Kooperationsvertrag Luca-App mit Schleswig-Holstein +

    + + Go to previous slide + Go to next slide + + + +
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +

    Warum werden nicht noch mehr Open Source und offene Standards genutzt?

    +
    Was ist der Grund für all die eingestellte Software? + Die langsame Verbreitung und Rückmigrationen. +
    +
    +
    + + +
    +
    Marktmacht & wirtschaftliche Einflüsse in die Politik
    +
    +
    +
    +

    Sei es die Tabakindustrie, Pharmaunternehmen oder der Automobilsektor. Die Einflussnahme durch abgesandte + Lobbyisten bemerken wir zunehmend in den unterschiedlichsten Bereichen.

    + +

    Doch keiner dieser Bereiche unterhält so viele Interessensvertreter, steckt solche Geldbeträge in das + Lobbying, wie die IT-Branche.

    + +

    Angeführt von Google, Facebook, Microsoft, Apple und Huawei, allein die 10 größten Tech-Konzerne zahlen + jedes Jahr 32 Millionen Euro für das Festigen ihrer Marktmacht.

    + +

    Über 100 Millionen die von Anbietern proprietärer Produkte jedes Jahr unter anderem darin gesteckt + werden, dass selbst erfolgreiche Projekte wie LiMux zurückmigriert werden, dass politische Anreize für + freie Software und Policies, die den Einsatz von offenen Standards verpflichten würden, vermieden werden. +
    Die dazu führen, dass wir statt transparenter Vergabeverfahren nur geschwärzte Seiten eines per SMS + abgeschlossenen Vertrages zu Gesicht bekommen.

    + + +

    Freie Software als nicht kommerziell getriebene Bewegung besitzt solch eine Form des Lobbyismus + nicht.
    + Hier sind wir es. Die Menschen, die mit offenen Augen und Bewusstsein dafür einstehen müssen, was sich + unsere Freiheit nennt.

    + +

    Quellen:

    +

    + Neue Studie zur + Lobbymacht von Big Tech: Wie Google & Co die EU beeinflussen
    + Big Tech gibt fast 100 Millionen Euro für + Lobbyarbeit aus
    + + Lobbyschlacht: Was sich Google & Co den Kampf gegen EU-Regeln kosten lassen +

    +
    -
    -

    Wirtschaft

    -

    Ist FOSS Wirtschaftlich?

    -
    -
    - -
    - -

    Du möchtest mehr wissen?

    -

    Hier findest du eine Sammlung von weiteren Informationen zum Lesen und Hören

    - - -
    - -
    - - - -
    -

    Warum nutzt Du keine FOSS Lösungen?

    -

    Schreib uns eine Mail

    - - +
    + + +
    +
    Noch weitere Gründe?
    +
    +
    +
    +
    + + + +
    +
    +
    +
    +
    „Open Source ist nicht nur eine Software, sondern eine Kultur, nämlich die einer offenen + Wissensgesellschaft in der wir Wissen miteinander teilen!” +
    + Quelle: + Rückblick: Open Source als Baustein einer europäischen Innovationspolitik +
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +

    Und für diese Freiheit müssen wir aktiv werden!

    +
    Schlussendlich sind wir es, die für + unsere Freiheit und Unabhängigkeit
    auch in der digitalen Welt + einstehen müssen. +
    + +

    FOSS wird uns nicht von allen Problemen der Welt erlösen. Aber mit ihrer + Verbreitung, gehen wir einen + weiteren wichtigen Schritt, welcher mehr Rechte, Vielfalt und Macht in die Hände unserer Gemeinschaft + zurückgibt. +

    +
    -
    - - - - +
    +
    OpenSource und abseits von Software
    + +
    Software ist für alle da
    + +
    +
    + +
    +
    +
    Lieber was zum Hören?
    + +
    Aktionsfeld OpenSource
    + +
    +
    +
    +
    Oder zum Sehen?
    + +
    Microsoft-Software: Sicher für Europa?
    + +
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +
    Politische Bestrebungen & OpenSource
    + +
    Echte Digitalisierung braucht offene Standards
    + +
    +
    +
    +
    Wie starte ich ein Open-Source-Projekt?
    + +
    Open Source Guide
    + +
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +
    Ursprünge der freien Software Bewegung
    + +
    Richard Stallman Interview
    + +
    +
    +
    +
    Mehr zu OpenData
    + +
    Open Data Handbook
    + +
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +
    Open Future - Ein Thinktank
    + +
    Towards Open Future
    + +
    +
    +
    +
    Unsere digitale Gesellschaft
    + +
    Forderungen für digital-souveräne Gesellschaft
    + +
    +
    +
    + + + + +
    +
    +
    +

    Diese Infoseite über Open Source ist vollständig Open Source.
    + Somit kannst auch du dich hier an unserem Projekt beteiligen.

    +

    Impressum

    + +
    +

    Angaben gemäß § 5 TMG

    +

    HAW Hamburg
    + Haus B
    + Berliner Tor 7
    + 20099 Hamburg

    + +

    Vertreten durch:
    + Martin Becke

    + +

    Kontakt

    +

    Telefon: +49 (0) 40
    + Telefax: +49 (0) 40
    + E-Mail: @haw-hamburg.de

    + +

    Verbraucherstreitbeilegung / Universalschlichtungsstelle

    +

    Wir sind nicht bereit oder verpflichtet, an Streitbeilegungsverfahren vor einer + Verbraucherschlichtungsstelle teilzunehmen.

    + +

    Quelle: + https://www.e-recht24.de/impressum-generator.html +

    +
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    +
    +
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