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Case BB mass transfer is treated as always stable, always stable only for mass transfer onto neutron stars or black holes, with stability as determined for all other mass transfer, or always unstable, respectively |br|
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Default = ALWAYS_STABLE
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**--check-photon-tiring-limit** |br|
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``LAMBDA_FIXED`` is a constant; ``LAMBDA_LOVERIDGE`` is the prescription from Loveridge et al., 2011; ``LAMBDA_NANJING`` is from Xu & Li, 2010; ``LAMBDA_KRUCKOW`` is from Kruckow et al., 2016; and ``LAMBDA_DEWI`` is the fit from Appendix A in Claeys et al. 2014, based on Dewi & Tauris 2000 |br|
Assumption about whether NS/BHs can accrete mass during common envelope evolution. |br|
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``ZERO`` is no accretion; ``CONSTANT`` means a fixed amount of accretion determined by ``--common-envelope-mass-accretion-constant``; ``UNIFORM`` means a uniform random draw between ``--common-envelope-mass-accretion-min`` and ``--common-envelope-mass-accretion-max`` (Oslowski et al., 2011); and ``MACLEOD`` follows the prescription of MacLeod et al., 2015 |br|
``ZERO`` always circular, ``FLAT`` is uniform on [``--eccentricity-min``,``--eccentricity-max``], ``THERMAL`` is p(e) proportional to e, and the other options refer to the distributions of Geller et al. 2013, Duqennoy & Mayor 1991, and Sana et al. 2012. |br|
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Default = ZERO
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**--eccentricity-max** |br|
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**--envelope-state-prescription** |br|
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Prescription for determining whether the envelope of the star is convective or radiative. |br|
``LEGACY`` refers to the model used in Stevenson et al., 2017; ``HURLEY`` refers to the model of Hurley, Pols, Tout, 2002; and ``FIXED_TEMPERATURE`` assumes that a deep convective envelope developes only when the temperature drops below ``CONVECTIVE_BOUNDARY_TEMPERATURE`` (Klencki et al., 2020) |br|
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Default = LEGACY
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**--errors-to-file** |br|
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Write error messages to file. |br|
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Default = FALSE
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Default = 100000
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**--help [ -h ]** |br|
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Prints COMPAS help.
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Prints COMPAS help (-h is short form, --help includes more information).
``SALPETER`` and ``KROUPA`` use the IMFs of Salpeter 1955 and Kroupa 2001, ``POWERLAW`` samples from a single power law with slope ``--initial-mass-power``, and ``UNIFORM`` samples uniformly between ``--initial-mass-min`` and ``--initial-mass-min`` |br|
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Default = KROUPA
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**--initial-mass-max** |br|
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Default = 5.0
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**--initial-mass-power** |br|
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Single power law power to generate primary mass using POWERLAW IMF. |br|
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Single power law power to generate primary mass using ``POWERLAW`` IMF. |br|
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Default = 0.0
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.. _options-props-J:
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**--kick-direction** |br|
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Natal kick direction distribution. |br|
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Options: { ISOTROPIC, INPLANE, PERPENDICULAR, POWERLAW, WEDGE, POLES } |br|
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Kick angles are defined relative to the spin axis. ``INPLANE`` and ``PERPENDICULAR`` are strictly in the equatorial plane or in polar directions, while ``WEDGE`` and ``POLES`` are preferentially but exactly in the equatorial plane or in polar directions with 1 degree scales, respectively; ``POWERLAW`` quantifies the preference for polar vs planar kicks with the ``--kick-direction-power`` parameter. |br|
``ZERO`` assigns kick magnitudes of 0, ``FIXED`` always sets the magnitude to a fixed value based on supernova type, ``FLAT`` and ``MAXWELLIAN`` draw kicks from uniform or Maxwellian (e.g., Hobbs et al., 2005) distributions, respectively, ``BRAYELDRIDGE`` and ``MULLERMANDEL`` use momenum-preserving kicks from Bray & Eldrigde 2018 and Mandel & Mueller 2020, respectively, and ``MULLER2016`` and ``MULLER2016MAXWELLIAN`` use kicks from Mueller 2016 as implemented in Vigna-Gomez et al., 2018 (reduced by a factor of sqrt(3) in the latter case). |br|
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Default = MAXWELLIAN
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**--kick-magnitude-max** |br|
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Default = −1.0
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**--kick-magnitude-random** |br|
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Value to be used to draw the kick magnitude for a single star when evolving in SSE mode, should the star
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undergo a supernova event. |br|
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CDF value to be used to draw the kick magnitude for a single star when evolving in SSE mode, should the star undergo a supernova event and should the chosen distribution sample from a cumulative distribution function. |br|
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Must be a floating-point number in the range :math:`[0.0, 1.0)`. |br|
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The specified value for this option will be used in preference to any specified value for ``--kick-magnitude``. |br|
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Default = Random number drawn uniformly from :math:`[0.0, 1.0)`
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**--kick-magnitude-random-1** |br|
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Value to be used to draw the kick magnitude for the primary star of a binary system when evolving in BSE
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mode, should the star undergo a supernova event. |br|
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CDF value to be used to draw the kick magnitude for the primary star of a binary system when evolving in BSE mode, should the star undergo a supernova event and should the chosen distribution sample from a cumulative distribution function. |br|
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Must be a floating-point number in the range :math:`[0.0, 1.0)`. |br|
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The specified value for this option will be used in preference to any specified value for ``--kick-magnitude-1``. |br|
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Default = Random number drawn uniformly from :math:`[0.0, 1.0)`
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**--kick-magnitude-random-2** |br|
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Value to be used to draw the kick magnitude for the secondary star of a binary system when evolving in
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BSE mode, should the star undergo a supernova event. |br|
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CDF value to be used to draw the kick magnitude for the secondary star of a binary system when evolving in BSE mode, should the star undergo a supernova event and should the chosen distribution sample from a cumulative distribution function. |br|
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Must be a floating-point number in the range :math:`[0.0, 1.0)`. |br|
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The specified value for this option will be used in preference to any specified value for ``--kick-magnitude-2``. |br|
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Default = Random number drawn uniformly from :math:`[0.0, 1.0)`
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**--kick-magnitude-sigma-CCSN-BH** |br|
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Sigma for chosen kick magnitude distribution for black holes (:math:`km s^{−1}`). |br|
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Sigma for chosen kick magnitude distribution for black holes (:math:`km s^{−1}`); ignored if not needed for the chosen kick magnitude distribution. |br|
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Default = 265.0
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**--kick-magnitude-sigma-CCSN-NS** |br|
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Sigma for chosen kick magnitude distribution for neutron stars (:math:`km s^{−1}`). |br|
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Sigma for chosen kick magnitude distribution for neutron stars (:math:`km s^{−1}`); ignored if not needed for the chosen kick magnitude distribution. |br|
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Default = 265.0
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**--kick-magnitude-sigma-ECSN** |br|
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Sigma for chosen kick magnitude distribution for ECSN (:math:`km s^{−1}`). |br|
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Sigma for chosen kick magnitude distribution for ECSN (:math:`km s^{−1}`); ignored if not needed for the chosen kick magnitude distribution. |br|
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Default = 30.0
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**--kick-magnitude-sigma-USSN** |br|
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Sigma for chosen kick magnitude distribution for USSN (:math:`km s^{−1}`). |br|
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Sigma for chosen kick magnitude distribution for USSN (:math:`km s^{−1}`); ignored if not needed for the chosen kick magnitude distribution. |br|
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Default = 30.0
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**--kick-mean-anomaly-1** |br|
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Default = Random number drawn uniformly from :math:`[0.0, 2\pi)`
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**--kick-phi-1** |br|
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The angle between ’x’ and ’y’, both in the orbital plane of the supernova vector, for the for the primary star
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The angle between ’x’ and ’y’, both in the orbital plane of the supernova vector, for the primary star
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of a binary system when evolving in BSE mode, should it undergo a supernova event (radians). |br|
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Default = Random number drawn uniformly from :math:`[0.0, 2\pi)`
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**--kick-phi-2** |br|
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The angle between ’x’ and ’y’, both in the orbital plane of the supernova vector, for the for the secondary
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The angle between ’x’ and ’y’, both in the orbital plane of the supernova vector, for the secondary
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star of a binary system when evolving in BSE mode, should it undergo a supernova event (radians). |br|
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Default = Random number drawn uniformly from :math:`[0.0, 2\pi)`
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**--luminous-blue-variable-prescription** |br|
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Luminous blue variable mass loss prescription. |br|
No LBV winds for ``NONE``, Hurley, Pols, Tout (2000) LBV winds only for ``HURLEY`` LBV stars (or in addition to other winds for ``HURLEY_ADD``, Belzcynski et al. 2010 winds for ``BELCZYNSKI`` |br|
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Default = HURLEY_ADD
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.. _options-props-M:
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**--mass-ratio-distribution** |br|
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Initial mass ratio distribution for :math:`q = \frac{m2}{m1}`. |br|
``FLAT`` is uniform in the mass ratio between ``--mass-ratio-min`` and ``--mass-ratio-max``, the other prescriptions follow Duquennoy & Mayor 1991 and Sana et al. 2012 |br|
``NONE`` uses the Hurley, Pols, Tout (2000) model, ``STARTRACK`` uses the model from Belczynski et al. 2008 |br|
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Default = STARTRACK
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**--mass-transfer-thermal-limit-accretor** |br|
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**--metallicity-distribution** |br|
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Metallicity distribution. |br|
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Options: { ZSOLAR, LOGUNIFORM } |br|
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``ZSOLAR`` uses ``ZSOL_ASPLUND`` for all initial metallicities, ``LOGUNIFORM`` draws the metallicity uniformly in the log between ``--metallicity-min`` and ``--metallicity-max`` |br|
Amount of mass lost in neutrinos during BH formation (either as fraction or in solar masses, |br|
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depending on the value of ``--neutrino-mass-loss-bh-formation``). |br|
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Amount of mass lost in neutrinos during BH formation (either as fraction or in solar masses, depending on the value of ``--neutrino-mass-loss-bh-formation``). |br|
``COMPAS``, ``STARTRACK`` and ``MARCHANT`` follow Woosley 2017, Belczynski et al. 2016, and Marchant et al. 2018, all as implemented in Stevenson et al. 2019, ``FARMER`` follows Farmer et al. 2019 |br|
Remnant mass recipes from Hurley, Pols, Tout (2000) for ``HURLEY2000``, Belczynski et al. 2002, Fryer et al. 2012, Mueller 2016, Mandel & Mueller 2020, and Schneider et al. 2020 (with the alternative prescription for effectively single stars from the same paper in the ``SCHNEIDER2020ALT`` case) |br|
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**--rotational-velocity-distribution** |br|
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Initial rotational velocity distribution. |br|
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Options: { ZERO, HURLEY, VLTFLAMES } |br|
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``ZERO`` sets all initial rotational velocities to 0, while ``HURLEY`` and ``VLTFLAMES`` sample them from the Hurley, Pols, Tout (2000) and Ramirez-Agudelo et al. (2013,2015), respectively |br|
Use Soberman, Phinney, and van den Heuvel (1997) or Hurley, Pols, Tout (2002) or the fixed value specified via ``--zeta-adiabatic-arbitrary`` for the stellar radial response to mass loss for convective-envelope giant-like stars |br|
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@@ -109,7 +109,9 @@ Binary population synthesis generates population models of isolated stellar bina
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In particular, rapid binary population synthesis is needed in order to efficiently explore a broad parameter space of uncertain assumptions about the physics of stellar and binary evolution, including supernova remnant masses and natal kicks, mass transfer efficiency and stability, and the outcome of common-envelope events.
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[COMPAS](https://compas.science) is such a rapid binary population synthesis suite. It parametrizes complex astrophysical processes with prescriptions calibrated to detailed models. COMPAS is designed to allow for flexible modifications as evolutionary models improve.
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A range of binary population synthesis codes have been developed over the last three decades. These include the Scenario Machine [@Scenario], IBiS [@IBiS], SeBa [@SeBa], BSE [@Hurley:2002rf], StarTrack [@Belczynski:2008], binary$\_$c [@BinaryC], MOBSE [@2018MNRAS.474.2959G] and COSMIC [@2019arXiv191100903B]. These codes range from private to semi-public to fully public, and differ in the range of available tools, computational complexity, and speed of execution.
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[COMPAS](https://compas.science) is a rapid binary population synthesis suite. It parametrizes complex astrophysical processes with prescriptions calibrated to detailed models. COMPAS is designed to allow for flexible modifications as evolutionary models improve. All code is fully public and, including pre-processing and post-processing tools. COMPAS is computationally efficient, with a focus on the statistical analysis of large populations, particularly but not exclusively in the context of gravitational-wave astronomy.
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