diff --git a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/aqara/can_handle.lua b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/aqara/can_handle.lua
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e4453597ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/aqara/can_handle.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+-- Copyright 2025 SmartThings, Inc.
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+
+local function is_aqara_products(opts, driver, device)
+  local FINGERPRINTS = require("aqara.fingerprints")
+  for _, fingerprint in ipairs(FINGERPRINTS) do
+    if device:get_manufacturer() == fingerprint.mfr and device:get_model() == fingerprint.model then
+      return true, require("aqara")
+    end
+  end
+  return false
+end
+
+return is_aqara_products
diff --git a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/aqara/fingerprints.lua b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/aqara/fingerprints.lua
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..30f1243e76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/aqara/fingerprints.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+-- Copyright 2025 SmartThings, Inc.
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+
+local FINGERPRINTS = {
+    { mfr = "LUMI", model = "lumi.airrtc.agl001" }
+}
+
+return FINGERPRINTS
diff --git a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/aqara/init.lua b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/aqara/init.lua
index 662d337b82..b17b3d9e1c 100644
--- a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/aqara/init.lua
+++ b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/aqara/init.lua
@@ -1,16 +1,6 @@
--- Copyright 2024 SmartThings
---
--- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
--- you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- You may obtain a copy of the License at
---
---     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
---
--- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
--- distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
--- WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
--- See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
--- limitations under the License.
+-- Copyright 2024 SmartThings, Inc.
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+
 local data_types = require "st.zigbee.data_types"
 local clusters = require "st.zigbee.zcl.clusters"
 local cluster_base = require "st.zigbee.cluster_base"
@@ -34,9 +24,6 @@ local PRIVATE_ANTIFREEZE_MODE_TEMPERATURE_SETTING_ID = 0x0279
 local PRIVATE_VALVE_RESULT_CALIBRATION_ID = 0x027B
 local PRIVATE_BATTERY_ENERGY_ID = 0x040A
 
-local FINGERPRINTS = {
-    { mfr = "LUMI", model = "lumi.airrtc.agl001" }
-}
 
 local preference_map = {
   ["stse.notificationOfValveTest"] = {
@@ -82,14 +69,6 @@ local function device_info_changed(driver, device, event, args)
   end
 end
 
-local function is_aqara_products(opts, driver, device)
-  for _, fingerprint in ipairs(FINGERPRINTS) do
-    if device:get_manufacturer() == fingerprint.mfr and device:get_model() == fingerprint.model then
-      return true
-    end
-  end
-  return false
-end
 
 local function supported_thermostat_modes_handler(driver, device, value)
   device:emit_event(capabilities.thermostatMode.supportedThermostatModes({
@@ -277,7 +256,7 @@ local aqara_radiator_thermostat_e1_handler = {
       [capabilities.refresh.commands.refresh.NAME] = do_refresh,
     }
   },
-  can_handle = is_aqara_products
+  can_handle = require("aqara.can_handle"),
 }
 
-return aqara_radiator_thermostat_e1_handler
\ No newline at end of file
+return aqara_radiator_thermostat_e1_handler
diff --git a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/danfoss/can_handle.lua b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/danfoss/can_handle.lua
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2f9ba97b72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/danfoss/can_handle.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+-- Copyright 2025 SmartThings, Inc.
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+
+local is_danfoss_thermostat = function(opts, driver, device)
+  local FINGERPRINTS = require("danfoss.fingerprints")
+  for _, fingerprint in ipairs(FINGERPRINTS) do
+    if device:get_manufacturer() == fingerprint.mfr and device:get_model() == fingerprint.model then
+      return true, require("danfoss")
+    end
+  end
+  return false
+end
+
+return is_danfoss_thermostat
diff --git a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/danfoss/fingerprints.lua b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/danfoss/fingerprints.lua
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..26386b21a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/danfoss/fingerprints.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+-- Copyright 2025 SmartThings, Inc.
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+
+local DANFOSS_THERMOSTAT_FINGERPRINTS = {
+  { mfr = "Danfoss", model = "eTRV0100" }
+}
+
+return DANFOSS_THERMOSTAT_FINGERPRINTS
diff --git a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/danfoss/init.lua b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/danfoss/init.lua
index c5b181955f..f5b0d5434c 100644
--- a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/danfoss/init.lua
+++ b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/danfoss/init.lua
@@ -1,19 +1,11 @@
+-- Copyright 2025 SmartThings, Inc.
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+
 local clusters = require "st.zigbee.zcl.clusters"
 local battery_defaults = require "st.zigbee.defaults.battery_defaults"
 local PowerConfiguration = clusters.PowerConfiguration
 
-local DANFOSS_THERMOSTAT_FINGERPRINTS = {
-  { mfr = "Danfoss", model = "eTRV0100" }
-}
 
-local is_danfoss_thermostat = function(opts, driver, device)
-  for _, fingerprint in ipairs(DANFOSS_THERMOSTAT_FINGERPRINTS) do
-    if device:get_manufacturer() == fingerprint.mfr and device:get_model() == fingerprint.model then
-      return true
-    end
-  end
-  return false
-end
 
 local danfoss_thermostat = {
   NAME = "Danfoss Thermostat Handler",
@@ -27,7 +19,7 @@ local danfoss_thermostat = {
   lifecycle_handlers = {
     init = battery_defaults.build_linear_voltage_init(2.4, 3.2)
   },
-  can_handle = is_danfoss_thermostat
+  can_handle = require("danfoss.can_handle"),
 }
 
-return danfoss_thermostat
\ No newline at end of file
+return danfoss_thermostat
diff --git a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/fidure/can_handle.lua b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/fidure/can_handle.lua
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..24ee0ea0e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/fidure/can_handle.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+-- Copyright 2025 SmartThings, Inc.
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+
+local function fidure_can_handle(opts, driver, device, ...)
+  if device:get_manufacturer() == "Fidure" and device:get_model() == "A1732R3" then
+    return true, require("fidure")
+  end
+  return false
+end
+
+return fidure_can_handle
diff --git a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/fidure/init.lua b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/fidure/init.lua
index 8b46c65e73..5d87089aa1 100644
--- a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/fidure/init.lua
+++ b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/fidure/init.lua
@@ -1,16 +1,6 @@
--- Copyright 2022 SmartThings
---
--- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
--- you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- You may obtain a copy of the License at
---
---     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
---
--- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
--- distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
--- WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
--- See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
--- limitations under the License.
+-- Copyright 2022 SmartThings, Inc.
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+
 
 local device_management = require "st.zigbee.device_management"
 
@@ -38,9 +28,7 @@ local fidure_thermostat = {
       }
     }
   },
-  can_handle = function(opts, driver, device, ...)
-    return device:get_manufacturer() == "Fidure" and device:get_model() == "A1732R3"
-  end
+  can_handle = require("fidure.can_handle"),
 }
 
 return fidure_thermostat
diff --git a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/init.lua b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/init.lua
index 0a5e82350e..b1766e7892 100644
--- a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/init.lua
+++ b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/init.lua
@@ -1,16 +1,6 @@
--- Copyright 2023 SmartThings
---
--- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
--- you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- You may obtain a copy of the License at
---
---     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
---
--- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
--- distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
--- WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
--- See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
--- limitations under the License.
+-- Copyright 2023 SmartThings, Inc.
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+
 
 -- Zigbee Driver utilities
 local ZigbeeDriver          = require "st.zigbee"
@@ -362,20 +352,7 @@ local zigbee_thermostat_driver = {
     doConfigure = do_configure,
     added = device_added
   },
-  sub_drivers = {
-    require("zenwithin"),
-    require("fidure"),
-    require("sinope"),
-    require("stelpro-ki-zigbee-thermostat"),
-    require("stelpro"),
-    require("lux-konoz"),
-    require("leviton"),
-    require("danfoss"),
-    require("popp"),
-    require("vimar"),
-    require("resideo_korea"),
-    require("aqara")
-  },
+  sub_drivers = require("sub_drivers"),
   health_check = false,
 }
 
diff --git a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/lazy_load_subdriver.lua b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/lazy_load_subdriver.lua
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0bee6d2a75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/lazy_load_subdriver.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+-- Copyright 2025 SmartThings, Inc.
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+
+return function(sub_driver_name)
+  -- gets the current lua libs api version
+  local version = require "version"
+  local ZigbeeDriver = require "st.zigbee"
+  if version.api >= 16 then
+    return ZigbeeDriver.lazy_load_sub_driver_v2(sub_driver_name)
+  elseif version.api >= 9 then
+    return ZigbeeDriver.lazy_load_sub_driver(require(sub_driver_name))
+  else
+    return require(sub_driver_name)
+  end
+end
diff --git a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/leviton/can_handle.lua b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/leviton/can_handle.lua
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..054aaa821b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/leviton/can_handle.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+-- Copyright 2025 SmartThings, Inc.
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+
+local function leviton_can_handle(opts, driver, device, ...)
+  if device:get_manufacturer() == "HAI" and device:get_model() == "65A01-1" then
+    return true, require("leviton")
+  end
+  return false
+end
+
+return leviton_can_handle
diff --git a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/leviton/init.lua b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/leviton/init.lua
index 9b1150ae25..4b35916229 100644
--- a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/leviton/init.lua
+++ b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/leviton/init.lua
@@ -1,16 +1,6 @@
--- Copyright 2022 SmartThings
---
--- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
--- you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- You may obtain a copy of the License at
---
---     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
---
--- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
--- distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
--- WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
--- See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
--- limitations under the License.
+-- Copyright 2022 SmartThings, Inc.
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+
 
 local clusters = require "st.zigbee.zcl.clusters"
 local Thermostat = clusters.Thermostat
@@ -128,9 +118,7 @@ local leviton_thermostat = {
       }
     }
   },
-  can_handle = function(opts, driver, device, ...)
-    return device:get_manufacturer() == "HAI" and device:get_model() == "65A01-1"
-  end
+  can_handle = require("leviton.can_handle"),
 }
 
 return leviton_thermostat
diff --git a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/lux-konoz/can_handle.lua b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/lux-konoz/can_handle.lua
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b7f7e5220f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/lux-konoz/can_handle.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+-- Copyright 2025 SmartThings, Inc.
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+
+local is_lux_konoz = function(opts, driver, device)
+  local FINGERPRINTS = require("lux-konoz.fingerprints")
+  for _, fingerprint in ipairs(FINGERPRINTS) do
+      if device:get_manufacturer() == fingerprint.mfr and device:get_model() == fingerprint.model then
+          return true, require("lux-konoz")
+      end
+  end
+  return false
+end
+
+return is_lux_konoz
diff --git a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/lux-konoz/fingerprints.lua b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/lux-konoz/fingerprints.lua
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..01bb0bac8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/lux-konoz/fingerprints.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+-- Copyright 2025 SmartThings, Inc.
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+
+local LUX_KONOZ_THERMOSTAT_FINGERPRINTS = {
+  { mfr = "LUX", model = "KONOZ" }
+}
+
+return LUX_KONOZ_THERMOSTAT_FINGERPRINTS
diff --git a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/lux-konoz/init.lua b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/lux-konoz/init.lua
index 815639985c..0609128ac2 100644
--- a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/lux-konoz/init.lua
+++ b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/lux-konoz/init.lua
@@ -1,16 +1,6 @@
--- Copyright 2022 SmartThings
---
--- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
--- you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- You may obtain a copy of the License at
---
---     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
---
--- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
--- distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
--- WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
--- See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
--- limitations under the License.
+-- Copyright 2022 SmartThings, Inc.
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+
 
 local clusters        = require "st.zigbee.zcl.clusters"
 local Thermostat      = clusters.Thermostat
@@ -19,18 +9,7 @@ local capabilities    = require "st.capabilities"
 local ThermostatMode  = capabilities.thermostatMode
 
 
-local LUX_KONOZ_THERMOSTAT_FINGERPRINTS = {
-  { mfr = "LUX", model = "KONOZ" }
-}
 
-local is_lux_konoz = function(opts, driver, device)
-  for _, fingerprint in ipairs(LUX_KONOZ_THERMOSTAT_FINGERPRINTS) do
-      if device:get_manufacturer() == fingerprint.mfr and device:get_model() == fingerprint.model then
-          return true
-      end
-  end
-  return false
-end
 
 -- LUX KONOz reports extra ["auto", "emergency heat"] which, actually, aren't supported
 local supported_thermostat_modes_handler = function(driver, device, supported_modes)
@@ -46,7 +25,7 @@ local lux_konoz = {
       }
     }
   },
-  can_handle = is_lux_konoz
+  can_handle = require("lux-konoz.can_handle"),
 }
 
 return lux_konoz
diff --git a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/popp/can_handle.lua b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/popp/can_handle.lua
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..907350cd1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/popp/can_handle.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+-- Copyright 2025 SmartThings, Inc.
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+
+local is_popp_thermostat = function(opts, driver, device)
+    local FINGERPRINTS = require("popp.fingerprints")
+    for _, fingerprint in ipairs(FINGERPRINTS) do
+    if device:get_manufacturer() == fingerprint.mfr and device:get_model() == fingerprint.model then
+      return true, require("popp")
+    end
+  end
+  return false
+end
+
+return is_popp_thermostat
diff --git a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/popp/fingerprints.lua b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/popp/fingerprints.lua
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..16a5cc0942
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/popp/fingerprints.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+-- Copyright 2025 SmartThings, Inc.
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+
+local POPP_THERMOSTAT_FINGERPRINTS = {
+    {
+        mfr = "D5X84YU",
+        model = "eT093WRO"
+    },
+    {
+        mfr = "D5X84YU",
+        model = "eT093WRG"
+    }
+}
+
+return POPP_THERMOSTAT_FINGERPRINTS
diff --git a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/popp/init.lua b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/popp/init.lua
index 007fb722b0..f842fe8c2b 100644
--- a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/popp/init.lua
+++ b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/popp/init.lua
@@ -1,17 +1,6 @@
--- Copyright 2023 SmartThings
---
--- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
--- you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- You may obtain a copy of the License at
---
---     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
---
--- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
--- distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
--- WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
--- See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
--- limitations under the License.
--- Zigbee driver utilities
+-- Copyright 2023 SmartThings, Inc.
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+
 local device_management = require "st.zigbee.device_management"
 local battery_defaults = require "st.zigbee.defaults.battery_defaults"
 local data_types = require "st.zigbee.data_types"
@@ -34,14 +23,6 @@ local ThermostatMode = capabilities.thermostatMode
 local TemperatureAlarm = capabilities.temperatureAlarm
 local Switch = capabilities.switch
 
-local POPP_THERMOSTAT_FINGERPRINTS = { {
-  mfr = "D5X84YU",
-  model = "eT093WRO"
-}, {
-  mfr = "D5X84YU",
-  model = "eT093WRG"
-} }
-
 local STORED_HEAT_MODE = "stored_heat_mode"
 
 local MFG_CODE = 0x1246
@@ -114,15 +95,6 @@ local PREFERENCE_TABLES = {
 
 local SUPPORTED_MODES = { ThermostatMode.thermostatMode.heat.NAME, ThermostatMode.thermostatMode.eco.NAME }
 
-local is_popp_thermostat = function(opts, driver, device)
-  for _, fingerprint in ipairs(POPP_THERMOSTAT_FINGERPRINTS) do
-    if device:get_manufacturer() == fingerprint.mfr and device:get_model() == fingerprint.model then
-      return true
-    end
-  end
-  return false
-end
-
 -- Helpers
 
 -- has member check function
@@ -425,7 +397,7 @@ local popp_thermostat = {
     doConfigure = do_configure,
     infoChanged = info_changed
   },
-  can_handle = is_popp_thermostat
+  can_handle = require("popp.can_handle"),
 }
 
 return popp_thermostat
diff --git a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/resideo_korea/can_handle.lua b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/resideo_korea/can_handle.lua
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..94eee72e87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/resideo_korea/can_handle.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+-- Copyright 2025 SmartThings, Inc.
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+
+local function resideo_korea_can_handle(opts, driver, device, ...)
+  if device:get_manufacturer() == "Resideo Korea" and device:get_model() == "DT300ST-M000" then
+    return true, require("resideo_korea")
+  end
+  return false
+end
+
+return resideo_korea_can_handle
diff --git a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/resideo_korea/init.lua b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/resideo_korea/init.lua
index a1e68ef02a..14221dd223 100644
--- a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/resideo_korea/init.lua
+++ b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/resideo_korea/init.lua
@@ -1,16 +1,6 @@
--- Copyright 2023 SmartThings
---
--- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
--- you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- You may obtain a copy of the License at
---
---     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
---
--- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
--- distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
--- WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
--- See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
--- limitations under the License.
+-- Copyright 2023 SmartThings, Inc.
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+
 local device_lib = require "st.device"
 local device_management = require "st.zigbee.device_management"
 
@@ -178,9 +168,7 @@ local resideo_thermostat = {
       [capabilities.refresh.commands.refresh.NAME] = do_refresh
     }
   },
-  can_handle = function(opts, driver, device, ...)
-    return device:get_manufacturer() == "Resideo Korea" and device:get_model() == "DT300ST-M000"
-  end
+  can_handle = require("resideo_korea.can_handle"),
 }
 
 return resideo_thermostat
diff --git a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/sinope/can_handle.lua b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/sinope/can_handle.lua
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fdc43dab3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/sinope/can_handle.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+-- Copyright 2025 SmartThings, Inc.
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+
+local is_sinope_thermostat = function(opts, driver, device)
+  local SINOPE_TECHNOLOGIES_MFR_STRING = "Sinope Technologies"
+  if device:get_manufacturer() == SINOPE_TECHNOLOGIES_MFR_STRING then
+    return true, require("sinope")
+  else
+    return false
+  end
+end
+
+return is_sinope_thermostat
diff --git a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/sinope/init.lua b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/sinope/init.lua
index bef41f2b9c..7926b1e0c7 100644
--- a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/sinope/init.lua
+++ b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/sinope/init.lua
@@ -1,16 +1,6 @@
--- Copyright 2022 SmartThings
---
--- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
--- you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- You may obtain a copy of the License at
---
---     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
---
--- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
--- distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
--- WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
--- See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
--- limitations under the License.
+-- Copyright 2022 SmartThings, Inc.
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+
 
 local device_management                    = require "st.zigbee.device_management"
 local clusters                             = require "st.zigbee.zcl.clusters"
@@ -26,8 +16,6 @@ local ThermostatOperatingState  = capabilities.thermostatOperatingState
 local ThermostatHeatingSetpoint = capabilities.thermostatHeatingSetpoint
 local TemperatureMeasurement    = capabilities.temperatureMeasurement
 
-local SINOPE_TECHNOLOGIES_MFR_STRING = "Sinope Technologies"
-
 local SINOPE_CUSTOM_CLUSTER = 0xFF01
 local MFR_TIME_FORMAT_ATTRIBUTE = 0x0114
 local MFR_AIR_FLOOR_MODE_ATTRIBUTE = 0x0105
@@ -91,13 +79,6 @@ local PREFERENCE_TABLES = {
   }
 }
 
-local is_sinope_thermostat = function(opts, driver, device)
-  if device:get_manufacturer() == SINOPE_TECHNOLOGIES_MFR_STRING then
-    return true
-  else
-    return false
-  end
-end
 
 local do_refresh = function(self, device)
   local attributes = {
@@ -176,7 +157,7 @@ local sinope_thermostat = {
     doConfigure = do_configure,
     infoChanged = info_changed
   },
-  can_handle = is_sinope_thermostat
+  can_handle = require("sinope.can_handle"),
 }
 
 return sinope_thermostat
diff --git a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/stelpro-ki-zigbee-thermostat/can_handle.lua b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/stelpro-ki-zigbee-thermostat/can_handle.lua
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3f0bebb126
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/stelpro-ki-zigbee-thermostat/can_handle.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+-- Copyright 2025 SmartThings, Inc.
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+
+local is_stelpro_ki_zigbee_thermostat = function(opts, driver, device)
+  local FINGERPRINTS = require("stelpro-ki-zigbee-thermostat.fingerprints")
+  for _, fingerprint in ipairs(FINGERPRINTS) do
+      if device:get_manufacturer() == fingerprint.mfr and device:get_model() == fingerprint.model then
+          return true, require("stelpro-ki-zigbee-thermostat")
+      end
+  end
+  return false
+end
+
+return is_stelpro_ki_zigbee_thermostat
diff --git a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/stelpro-ki-zigbee-thermostat/fingerprints.lua b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/stelpro-ki-zigbee-thermostat/fingerprints.lua
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2cf1a884d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/stelpro-ki-zigbee-thermostat/fingerprints.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+-- Copyright 2025 SmartThings, Inc.
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+
+local STELPRO_KI_ZIGBEE_THERMOSTAT_FINGERPRINTS = {
+  { mfr = "Stelpro", model = "STZB402+" },
+  { mfr = "Stelpro", model = "ST218" },
+}
+
+return STELPRO_KI_ZIGBEE_THERMOSTAT_FINGERPRINTS
diff --git a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/stelpro-ki-zigbee-thermostat/init.lua b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/stelpro-ki-zigbee-thermostat/init.lua
index bcc09b271c..7dd1d5f0d2 100644
--- a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/stelpro-ki-zigbee-thermostat/init.lua
+++ b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/stelpro-ki-zigbee-thermostat/init.lua
@@ -1,16 +1,6 @@
--- Copyright 2022 SmartThings
---
--- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
--- you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- You may obtain a copy of the License at
---
---     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
---
--- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
--- distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
--- WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
--- See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
--- limitations under the License.
+-- Copyright 2022 SmartThings, Inc.
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+
 
 local device_management = require "st.zigbee.device_management"
 
@@ -30,10 +20,6 @@ local ThermostatHeatingSetpoint = capabilities.thermostatHeatingSetpoint
 local TemperatureMeasurement = capabilities.temperatureMeasurement
 local TemperatureAlarm = capabilities.temperatureAlarm
 
-local STELPRO_KI_ZIGBEE_THERMOSTAT_FINGERPRINTS = {
-  { mfr = "Stelpro", model = "STZB402+" },
-  { mfr = "Stelpro", model = "ST218" },
-}
 
 -- The Groovy DTH stored the raw Celsius values because it was responsible for converting
 -- to Farenheit if the user's location necessitated. Right now the driver only operates
@@ -60,14 +46,6 @@ local THERMOSTAT_MODE_MAP = {
   [ThermostatSystemMode.EMERGENCY_HEATING] = ThermostatMode.thermostatMode.eco
 }
 
-local is_stelpro_ki_zigbee_thermostat = function(opts, driver, device)
-  for _, fingerprint in ipairs(STELPRO_KI_ZIGBEE_THERMOSTAT_FINGERPRINTS) do
-      if device:get_manufacturer() == fingerprint.mfr and device:get_model() == fingerprint.model then
-          return true
-      end
-  end
-  return false
-end
 
 local function has_member(haystack, needle)
   for _, value in ipairs(haystack) do
@@ -342,7 +320,7 @@ local stelpro_ki_zigbee_thermostat = {
     added = device_added,
     doConfigure = do_configure
   },
-  can_handle = is_stelpro_ki_zigbee_thermostat
+  can_handle = require("stelpro-ki-zigbee-thermostat.can_handle"),
 }
 
 return stelpro_ki_zigbee_thermostat
diff --git a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/stelpro/can_handle.lua b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/stelpro/can_handle.lua
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..117d8ca51d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/stelpro/can_handle.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+-- Copyright 2025 SmartThings, Inc.
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+
+local is_stelpro_thermostat = function(opts, driver, device)
+  local FINGERPRINTS = require("stelpro.fingerprints")
+  for _, fingerprint in ipairs(FINGERPRINTS) do
+    if device:get_manufacturer() == fingerprint.mfr and device:get_model() == fingerprint.model then
+      return true, require("stelpro")
+    end
+  end
+  return false
+end
+
+return is_stelpro_thermostat
diff --git a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/stelpro/fingerprints.lua b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/stelpro/fingerprints.lua
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9271bba198
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/stelpro/fingerprints.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+-- Copyright 2025 SmartThings, Inc.
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+
+local STELPRO_THERMOSTAT_FINGERPRINTS = {
+  { mfr = "Stelpro", model = "MaestroStat" },
+  { mfr = "Stelpro", model = "SORB" },
+  { mfr = "Stelpro", model = "SonomaStyle" }
+}
+
+return STELPRO_THERMOSTAT_FINGERPRINTS
diff --git a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/stelpro/init.lua b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/stelpro/init.lua
index 063f423517..d186c46b67 100644
--- a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/stelpro/init.lua
+++ b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/stelpro/init.lua
@@ -1,16 +1,6 @@
--- Copyright 2022 SmartThings
---
--- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
--- you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- You may obtain a copy of the License at
---
---     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
---
--- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
--- distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
--- WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
--- See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
--- limitations under the License.
+-- Copyright 2022 SmartThings, Inc.
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+
 
 local capabilities = require "st.capabilities"
 local clusters = require "st.zigbee.zcl.clusters"
@@ -25,20 +15,7 @@ local RX_HEAT_VALUE = 0x7fff
 local FREEZE_ALRAM_TEMPERATURE = 0
 local HEAT_ALRAM_TEMPERATURE = 50
 
-local STELPRO_THERMOSTAT_FINGERPRINTS = {
-  { mfr = "Stelpro", model = "MaestroStat" },
-  { mfr = "Stelpro", model = "SORB" },
-  { mfr = "Stelpro", model = "SonomaStyle" }
-}
 
-local is_stelpro_thermostat = function(opts, driver, device)
-  for _, fingerprint in ipairs(STELPRO_THERMOSTAT_FINGERPRINTS) do
-    if device:get_manufacturer() == fingerprint.mfr and device:get_model() == fingerprint.model then
-      return true
-    end
-  end
-  return false
-end
 
 local function get_temperature(temperature)
   return temperature / 100
@@ -128,8 +105,8 @@ local stelpro_thermostat = {
     added = device_added,
     infoChanged = info_changed
   },
-  sub_drivers = { require("stelpro.stelpro_sorb"), require("stelpro.stelpro_maestrostat") },
-  can_handle = is_stelpro_thermostat
+  sub_drivers = require("stelpro.sub_drivers"),
+  can_handle = require("stelpro.can_handle"),
 }
 
 return stelpro_thermostat
diff --git a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/stelpro/stelpro_maestrostat/can_handle.lua b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/stelpro/stelpro_maestrostat/can_handle.lua
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f9410f80ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/stelpro/stelpro_maestrostat/can_handle.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+-- Copyright 2025 SmartThings, Inc.
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+
+local is_stelpro_thermostat = function(opts, driver, device)
+  local FINGERPRINTS = require "stelpro.stelpro_maestrostat.fingerprints"
+  for _, fingerprint in ipairs(FINGERPRINTS) do
+    if device:get_manufacturer() == fingerprint.mfr and device:get_model() == fingerprint.model then
+      return true, require("stelpro.stelpro_maestrostat")
+    end
+  end
+  return false
+end
+
+return is_stelpro_thermostat
diff --git a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/stelpro/stelpro_maestrostat/fingerprints.lua b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/stelpro/stelpro_maestrostat/fingerprints.lua
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..600fe09180
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/stelpro/stelpro_maestrostat/fingerprints.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+-- Copyright 2025 SmartThings, Inc.
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+
+return {
+  { mfr = "Stelpro", model = "MaestroStat" },
+}
diff --git a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/stelpro/stelpro_maestrostat.lua b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/stelpro/stelpro_maestrostat/init.lua
similarity index 67%
rename from drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/stelpro/stelpro_maestrostat.lua
rename to drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/stelpro/stelpro_maestrostat/init.lua
index c4d81b944a..fecb34666a 100644
--- a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/stelpro/stelpro_maestrostat.lua
+++ b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/stelpro/stelpro_maestrostat/init.lua
@@ -1,16 +1,5 @@
--- Copyright 2022 SmartThings
---
--- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
--- you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- You may obtain a copy of the License at
---
---     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
---
--- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
--- distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
--- WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
--- See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
--- limitations under the License.
+-- Copyright 2022 SmartThings, Inc.
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 
 local capabilities = require "st.capabilities"
 local clusters = require "st.zigbee.zcl.clusters"
@@ -20,19 +9,6 @@ local RelativeHumidity = clusters.RelativeHumidity
 local Thermostat = clusters.Thermostat
 local ThermostatUserInterfaceConfiguration = clusters.ThermostatUserInterfaceConfiguration
 
-local STELPRO_THERMOSTAT_FINGERPRINTS = {
-  { mfr = "Stelpro", model = "MaestroStat" },
-}
-
-local is_stelpro_thermostat = function(opts, driver, device)
-  for _, fingerprint in ipairs(STELPRO_THERMOSTAT_FINGERPRINTS) do
-      if device:get_manufacturer() == fingerprint.mfr and device:get_model() == fingerprint.model then
-          return true
-      end
-  end
-  return false
-end
-
 local do_refresh = function(self, device)
   local attributes = {
     Thermostat.attributes.LocalTemperature,
@@ -74,7 +50,7 @@ local stelpro_maestro_othermostat = {
     added = device_added,
     doConfigure = do_configure
   },
-  can_handle = is_stelpro_thermostat
+  can_handle = require("stelpro.stelpro_maestrostat.can_handle")
 }
 
 return stelpro_maestro_othermostat
diff --git a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/stelpro/stelpro_sorb/can_handle.lua b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/stelpro/stelpro_sorb/can_handle.lua
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d9e99178e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/stelpro/stelpro_sorb/can_handle.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+-- Copyright 2025 SmartThings, Inc.
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+
+local is_stelpro_sorb_thermostat = function(opts, driver, device)
+  local FINGERPRINTS = require("stelpro.stelpro_sorb.fingerprints")
+  for _, fingerprint in ipairs(FINGERPRINTS) do
+      if device:get_manufacturer() == fingerprint.mfr and device:get_model() == fingerprint.model then
+          return true, require("stelpro.stelpro_sorb")
+      end
+  end
+  return false
+end
+
+return is_stelpro_sorb_thermostat
diff --git a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/stelpro/stelpro_sorb/fingerprints.lua b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/stelpro/stelpro_sorb/fingerprints.lua
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..eb8731f6dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/stelpro/stelpro_sorb/fingerprints.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+-- Copyright 2025 SmartThings, Inc.
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+
+return {
+  { mfr = "Stelpro", model = "SORB" },
+  { mfr = "Stelpro", model = "SonomaStyle" }
+}
diff --git a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/stelpro/stelpro_sorb.lua b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/stelpro/stelpro_sorb/init.lua
similarity index 66%
rename from drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/stelpro/stelpro_sorb.lua
rename to drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/stelpro/stelpro_sorb/init.lua
index 504d4351e0..39c370960f 100644
--- a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/stelpro/stelpro_sorb.lua
+++ b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/stelpro/stelpro_sorb/init.lua
@@ -1,16 +1,5 @@
--- Copyright 2022 SmartThings
---
--- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
--- you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- You may obtain a copy of the License at
---
---     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
---
--- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
--- distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
--- WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
--- See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
--- limitations under the License.
+-- Copyright 2022 SmartThings, Inc.
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 
 local capabilities = require "st.capabilities"
 local clusters = require "st.zigbee.zcl.clusters"
@@ -20,20 +9,6 @@ local RelativeHumidity = clusters.RelativeHumidity
 local Thermostat = clusters.Thermostat
 local ThermostatUserInterfaceConfiguration = clusters.ThermostatUserInterfaceConfiguration
 
-local STELPRO_THERMOSTAT_FINGERPRINTS = {
-  { mfr = "Stelpro", model = "SORB" },
-  { mfr = "Stelpro", model = "SonomaStyle" }
-}
-
-local is_stelpro_sorb_thermostat = function(opts, driver, device)
-  for _, fingerprint in ipairs(STELPRO_THERMOSTAT_FINGERPRINTS) do
-      if device:get_manufacturer() == fingerprint.mfr and device:get_model() == fingerprint.model then
-          return true
-      end
-  end
-  return false
-end
-
 local do_refresh = function(self, device)
   local attributes = {
     Thermostat.attributes.LocalTemperature,
@@ -75,7 +50,7 @@ local stelpro_sorb_thermostat = {
     added = device_added,
     doConfigure = do_configure
   },
-  can_handle = is_stelpro_sorb_thermostat
+  can_handle = require("stelpro.stelpro_sorb.can_handle")
 }
 
 return stelpro_sorb_thermostat
diff --git a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/stelpro/sub_drivers.lua b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/stelpro/sub_drivers.lua
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..aa48c7eda6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/stelpro/sub_drivers.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+-- Copyright 2025 SmartThings, Inc.
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+
+local lazy_load_if_possible = require "lazy_load_subdriver"
+
+return {
+    lazy_load_if_possible("stelpro.stelpro_sorb"),
+    lazy_load_if_possible("stelpro.stelpro_maestrostat")
+}
diff --git a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/sub_drivers.lua b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/sub_drivers.lua
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7f62589c24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/sub_drivers.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+-- Copyright 2025 SmartThings, Inc.
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+
+local lazy_load_if_possible = require "lazy_load_subdriver"
+local sub_drivers = {
+   lazy_load_if_possible("zenwithin"),
+   lazy_load_if_possible("fidure"),
+   lazy_load_if_possible("sinope"),
+   lazy_load_if_possible("stelpro-ki-zigbee-thermostat"),
+   lazy_load_if_possible("stelpro"),
+   lazy_load_if_possible("lux-konoz"),
+   lazy_load_if_possible("leviton"),
+   lazy_load_if_possible("danfoss"),
+   lazy_load_if_possible("popp"),
+   lazy_load_if_possible("vimar"),
+   lazy_load_if_possible("resideo_korea"),
+   lazy_load_if_possible("aqara"),
+}
+return sub_drivers
diff --git a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/test/test_aqara_thermostat.lua b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/test/test_aqara_thermostat.lua
index 84f305d428..e026edb5f8 100644
--- a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/test/test_aqara_thermostat.lua
+++ b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/test/test_aqara_thermostat.lua
@@ -1,16 +1,5 @@
--- Copyright 2024 SmartThings
---
--- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
--- you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- You may obtain a copy of the License at
---
---     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
---
--- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
--- distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
--- WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
--- See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
--- limitations under the License.
+-- Copyright 2024 SmartThings, Inc.
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 local zigbee_test_utils = require "integration_test.zigbee_test_utils"
 local cluster_base = require "st.zigbee.cluster_base"
 local clusters = require "st.zigbee.zcl.clusters"
diff --git a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/test/test_centralite_thermostat.lua b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/test/test_centralite_thermostat.lua
index ce735209c4..206333ffa7 100644
--- a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/test/test_centralite_thermostat.lua
+++ b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/test/test_centralite_thermostat.lua
@@ -1,16 +1,5 @@
--- Copyright 2022 SmartThings
---
--- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
--- you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- You may obtain a copy of the License at
---
---     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
---
--- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
--- distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
--- WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
--- See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
--- limitations under the License.
+-- Copyright 2022 SmartThings, Inc.
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 
 -- Mock out globals
 local test = require "integration_test"
diff --git a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/test/test_danfoss_thermostat.lua b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/test/test_danfoss_thermostat.lua
index 51782ec8e5..98727e563e 100644
--- a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/test/test_danfoss_thermostat.lua
+++ b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/test/test_danfoss_thermostat.lua
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+-- Copyright 2025 SmartThings, Inc.
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+
 local test = require "integration_test"
 local clusters = require "st.zigbee.zcl.clusters"
 local capabilities = require "st.capabilities"
@@ -104,4 +107,4 @@ test.register_message_test(
   }
 )
 
-test.run_registered_tests()
\ No newline at end of file
+test.run_registered_tests()
diff --git a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/test/test_fidure_thermostat.lua b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/test/test_fidure_thermostat.lua
index 6ceb8fdc52..1f7a03f049 100644
--- a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/test/test_fidure_thermostat.lua
+++ b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/test/test_fidure_thermostat.lua
@@ -1,16 +1,5 @@
--- Copyright 2022 SmartThings
---
--- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
--- you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- You may obtain a copy of the License at
---
---     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
---
--- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
--- distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
--- WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
--- See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
--- limitations under the License.
+-- Copyright 2022 SmartThings, Inc.
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 
 local test = require "integration_test"
 local clusters = require "st.zigbee.zcl.clusters"
diff --git a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/test/test_leviton_rc.lua b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/test/test_leviton_rc.lua
index c5a820bdba..6e6cdb0305 100644
--- a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/test/test_leviton_rc.lua
+++ b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/test/test_leviton_rc.lua
@@ -1,16 +1,5 @@
--- Copyright 2022 SmartThings
---
--- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
--- you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- You may obtain a copy of the License at
---
---     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
---
--- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
--- distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
--- WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
--- See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
--- limitations under the License.
+-- Copyright 2022 SmartThings, Inc.
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 
 local test = require "integration_test"
 local clusters = require "st.zigbee.zcl.clusters"
diff --git a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/test/test_popp_thermostat.lua b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/test/test_popp_thermostat.lua
index 628dea32eb..ecff7883da 100644
--- a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/test/test_popp_thermostat.lua
+++ b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/test/test_popp_thermostat.lua
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+-- Copyright 2025 SmartThings, Inc.
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+
 require "integration_test"
 -- Mock out globals
 local test = require "integration_test"
diff --git a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/test/test_resideo_dt300st_m000.lua b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/test/test_resideo_dt300st_m000.lua
index 0d8365a521..4c7f4bdcaf 100644
--- a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/test/test_resideo_dt300st_m000.lua
+++ b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/test/test_resideo_dt300st_m000.lua
@@ -1,16 +1,5 @@
--- Copyright 2023 SmartThings
---
--- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
--- you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- You may obtain a copy of the License at
---
---     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
---
--- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
--- distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
--- WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
--- See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
--- limitations under the License.
+-- Copyright 2023 SmartThings, Inc.
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 local test = require "integration_test"
 local t_utils = require "integration_test.utils"
 local zigbee_test_utils = require "integration_test.zigbee_test_utils"
diff --git a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/test/test_sinope_th1300_thermostat.lua b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/test/test_sinope_th1300_thermostat.lua
index 2411d7638c..6805e6c604 100644
--- a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/test/test_sinope_th1300_thermostat.lua
+++ b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/test/test_sinope_th1300_thermostat.lua
@@ -1,16 +1,5 @@
--- Copyright 2022 SmartThings
---
--- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
--- you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- You may obtain a copy of the License at
---
---     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
---
--- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
--- distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
--- WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
--- See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
--- limitations under the License.
+-- Copyright 2022 SmartThings, Inc.
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 
 local test = require "integration_test"
 local clusters = require "st.zigbee.zcl.clusters"
diff --git a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/test/test_sinope_th1400_thermostat.lua b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/test/test_sinope_th1400_thermostat.lua
index 88810a3c80..5ca78c3675 100644
--- a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/test/test_sinope_th1400_thermostat.lua
+++ b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/test/test_sinope_th1400_thermostat.lua
@@ -1,16 +1,5 @@
--- Copyright 2022 SmartThings
---
--- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
--- you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- You may obtain a copy of the License at
---
---     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
---
--- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
--- distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
--- WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
--- See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
--- limitations under the License.
+-- Copyright 2022 SmartThings, Inc.
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 
 local test = require "integration_test"
 local clusters = require "st.zigbee.zcl.clusters"
diff --git a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/test/test_sinope_thermostat.lua b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/test/test_sinope_thermostat.lua
index 9a5ba8aed5..0717fbb9fa 100644
--- a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/test/test_sinope_thermostat.lua
+++ b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/test/test_sinope_thermostat.lua
@@ -1,16 +1,5 @@
--- Copyright 2022 SmartThings
---
--- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
--- you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- You may obtain a copy of the License at
---
---     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
---
--- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
--- distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
--- WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
--- See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
--- limitations under the License.
+-- Copyright 2022 SmartThings, Inc.
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 
 local test = require "integration_test"
 local clusters = require "st.zigbee.zcl.clusters"
diff --git a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/test/test_stelpro_ki_zigbee_thermostat.lua b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/test/test_stelpro_ki_zigbee_thermostat.lua
index d0951b2958..afb36720a3 100644
--- a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/test/test_stelpro_ki_zigbee_thermostat.lua
+++ b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/test/test_stelpro_ki_zigbee_thermostat.lua
@@ -1,16 +1,5 @@
--- Copyright 2022 SmartThings
---
--- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
--- you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- You may obtain a copy of the License at
---
---     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
---
--- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
--- distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
--- WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
--- See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
--- limitations under the License.
+-- Copyright 2022 SmartThings, Inc.
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 
 -- Mock out globals
 local test = require "integration_test"
diff --git a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/test/test_stelpro_thermostat.lua b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/test/test_stelpro_thermostat.lua
index ab7f4c19cc..3380856f1c 100644
--- a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/test/test_stelpro_thermostat.lua
+++ b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/test/test_stelpro_thermostat.lua
@@ -1,16 +1,5 @@
--- Copyright 2022 SmartThings
---
--- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
--- you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- You may obtain a copy of the License at
---
---     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
---
--- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
--- distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
--- WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
--- See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
--- limitations under the License.
+-- Copyright 2022 SmartThings, Inc.
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 
 local test = require "integration_test"
 local clusters = require "st.zigbee.zcl.clusters"
diff --git a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/test/test_vimar_thermostat.lua b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/test/test_vimar_thermostat.lua
index d41d4f23aa..7b2a0cc8f6 100644
--- a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/test/test_vimar_thermostat.lua
+++ b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/test/test_vimar_thermostat.lua
@@ -1,16 +1,5 @@
--- Copyright 2023 SmartThings
---
--- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
--- you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- You may obtain a copy of the License at
---
---     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
---
--- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
--- distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
--- WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
--- See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
--- limitations under the License.
+-- Copyright 2023 SmartThings, Inc.
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 
 local test = require "integration_test"
 local clusters = require "st.zigbee.zcl.clusters"
diff --git a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/test/test_zenwithin_thermostat.lua b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/test/test_zenwithin_thermostat.lua
index bd16d17a62..638f3f7ff4 100644
--- a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/test/test_zenwithin_thermostat.lua
+++ b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/test/test_zenwithin_thermostat.lua
@@ -1,16 +1,5 @@
--- Copyright 2022 SmartThings
---
--- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
--- you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- You may obtain a copy of the License at
---
---     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
---
--- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
--- distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
--- WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
--- See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
--- limitations under the License.
+-- Copyright 2022 SmartThings, Inc.
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 
 local test = require "integration_test"
 local clusters = require "st.zigbee.zcl.clusters"
diff --git a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/test/test_zigbee_thermostat.lua b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/test/test_zigbee_thermostat.lua
index 01f1a0ba74..380eacc1ce 100644
--- a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/test/test_zigbee_thermostat.lua
+++ b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/test/test_zigbee_thermostat.lua
@@ -1,16 +1,5 @@
--- Copyright 2022 SmartThings
---
--- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
--- you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- You may obtain a copy of the License at
---
---     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
---
--- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
--- distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
--- WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
--- See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
--- limitations under the License.
+-- Copyright 2022 SmartThings, Inc.
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 
 -- Mock out globals
 local test = require "integration_test"
diff --git a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/vimar/can_handle.lua b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/vimar/can_handle.lua
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3aa0478f46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/vimar/can_handle.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+-- Copyright 2025 SmartThings, Inc.
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+
+local vimar_thermostat_can_handle = function(opts, driver, device)
+  local VIMAR_THERMOSTAT_FINGERPRINT = {
+    mfr = "Vimar",
+    model = "WheelThermostat_v1.0"
+  }
+
+  if device:get_manufacturer() == VIMAR_THERMOSTAT_FINGERPRINT.mfr and
+    device:get_model() == VIMAR_THERMOSTAT_FINGERPRINT.model then
+      return true, require("vimar")
+  end
+  return false
+end
+
+return vimar_thermostat_can_handle
diff --git a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/vimar/init.lua b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/vimar/init.lua
index b4070cf569..7ad274449f 100644
--- a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/vimar/init.lua
+++ b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/vimar/init.lua
@@ -1,16 +1,6 @@
--- Copyright 2023 SmartThings
---
--- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
--- you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- You may obtain a copy of the License at
---
---     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
---
--- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
--- distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
--- WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
--- See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
--- limitations under the License.
+-- Copyright 2023 SmartThings, Inc.
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+
 
 local device_management = require "st.zigbee.device_management"
 local clusters = require "st.zigbee.zcl.clusters"
@@ -38,11 +28,6 @@ local VIMAR_THERMOSTAT_MODE_MAP = {
   [ThermostatSystemMode.HEAT] = ThermostatMode.thermostatMode.heat,
 }
 
-local VIMAR_THERMOSTAT_FINGERPRINT = {
-  mfr = "Vimar",
-  model = "WheelThermostat_v1.0"
-}
-
 -- NOTE: This is a global variable to use in order to save the current thermostat profile
 local VIMAR_CURRENT_PROFILE = "_vimarThermostatCurrentProfile"
 
@@ -50,10 +35,6 @@ local VIMAR_THERMOSTAT_HEATING_PROFILE = "thermostat-fanless-heating-no-fw"
 local VIMAR_THERMOSTAT_COOLING_PROFILE = "thermostat-fanless-cooling-no-fw"
 
 
-local vimar_thermostat_can_handle = function(opts, driver, device)
-  return device:get_manufacturer() == VIMAR_THERMOSTAT_FINGERPRINT.mfr and
-      device:get_model() == VIMAR_THERMOSTAT_FINGERPRINT.model
-end
 
 local vimar_thermostat_supported_modes_handler = function(driver, device, supported_modes)
   device:emit_event(
@@ -182,7 +163,7 @@ local vimar_thermostat_subdriver = {
     }
   },
   doConfigure = vimar_thermostat_do_configure,
-  can_handle = vimar_thermostat_can_handle
+  can_handle = require("vimar.can_handle"),
 }
 
 return vimar_thermostat_subdriver
diff --git a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/zenwithin/can_handle.lua b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/zenwithin/can_handle.lua
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..818764c88a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/zenwithin/can_handle.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+-- Copyright 2025 SmartThings, Inc.
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+
+local function zenwithin_can_handle(opts, driver, device, ...)
+  if device:get_manufacturer() == "Zen Within" and device:get_model() == "Zen-01" then
+    return true, require("zenwithin")
+  end
+  return false
+end
+
+return zenwithin_can_handle
diff --git a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/zenwithin/init.lua b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/zenwithin/init.lua
index e4b11de8be..1b71db2609 100644
--- a/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/zenwithin/init.lua
+++ b/drivers/SmartThings/zigbee-thermostat/src/zenwithin/init.lua
@@ -1,16 +1,6 @@
--- Copyright 2022 SmartThings
---
--- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
--- you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- You may obtain a copy of the License at
---
---     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
---
--- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
--- distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
--- WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
--- See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
--- limitations under the License.
+-- Copyright 2022 SmartThings, Inc.
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+
 
 local device_management = require "st.zigbee.device_management"
 local utils             = require "st.utils"
@@ -213,9 +203,7 @@ local zenwithin_thermostat = {
     infoChanged = info_changed,
     init = battery_defaults.build_linear_voltage_init(BAT_MIN, BAT_MAX)
   },
-  can_handle = function(opts, driver, device, ...)
-    return device:get_manufacturer() == "Zen Within" and device:get_model() == "Zen-01"
-  end
+  can_handle = require("zenwithin.can_handle"),
 }
 
 return zenwithin_thermostat