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update broken images
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collections/projects/Airplanes/_posts/2019-09-19-stabilized_airplane.md

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For an airplane to maintain stability in flight, it must have the ability to self-correct in the face of external disturbances. When this occurs, the aircraft must cause the disturbance to decrease with time. We can refine this concept by separating it into two components: [static stability](https://ocw.tudelft.nl/wp-content/uploads/Hand-out-Stability_01.pdf) and [dynamic stability](https://www.aircraftflightmechanics.com/Dynamics/ModesofMotion.html). As the names imply, static stability is concerned with the forces acting on the aircraft in the absence of motion. That is, whether the forces acting on the aircraft reach [static equilibrium](https://physicscourses.colorado.edu/phys1110/phys1110_fa12/LectureNotes/StaticEquilibrium.pdf) and mutually oppose each other out. Dynamic stability is focused on whether the aircraft will slow down if pushed away from this equilibrium.
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With these definitions, we can also notice that dynamic stability depends on static stability. Static stability ensures an equilibrium state, and dynamic stability ensures the aircraft can return to it. We can also observe an aircraft has multiple axes about which it can be stable. It can translate about three perpendicular directions, and it can rotate about these same axes:
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![image](/img/active-tailless/aircraft-axes.png)

collections/projects/Autogyros/_posts/2017-09-07-tailless_autogyro.md

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Nonetheless, the air-driven rotor has a significant advantage when it comes to stability. As the air flows through the bottom of the rotor, the rotor induces a force parallel to the plane of the disk that tends to stabilize the autogyro. By comparison, a helicopter has a top-to-bottom airflow that reverses the planar force and destabilizes the aircraft. Hence, one faces the compromise between stability versus efficiency when comparing an autogyro with a helicopter.
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{% include image.html src="http://www.aviastar.org/theory/rotor_4.gif" maxwidth="400px" %}
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{% include image.html src="/img/autogyro/airflow-types.jpg" maxwidth="400px" %}
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# Initial design
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_Landing gear_:
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__Iteration 1:__
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The first iteration used a conventional landing gear configuration. While it was simple and only required three wheels, the configuration was unstable during landings. The Friction of the front tires induced a braking force that unloaded the rear wheel. As the main wheels were in front of the center of mass, the torque caused by their cornering force caused the vehicle to rotate towards a sharper turn. This was destabilizing and caused the aircraft to roll over during landings.
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![image](https://hangar.modelairplanenews.com/members/files/2020/10/1.jpg)
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![image](/img/autogyro/wheel-positions.png)
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The design of the offset hinge also went through 2 iterations. Initially it was a lever connected to a spring. While it worked it felt excessively complicated. The spring was also too soft and caused pitch control to be unresponsive. The second iteration was a flexible strap that behaved like a leaf spring. It was much simpler and could be made stiffer by increasing the thickness.
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img/autogyro/airflow-types.jpg

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img/autogyro/wheel-positions.png

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